Science 9 - Particle Theory

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PARTICLE THEORY
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MATTER

• Matter is anything which has mass takes up
  space (VOLUME)
• Matter is what makes up everything around us.

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What is matter made of?
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THE ANSWER?
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DEMOCRITUS

• Greek thinker had an idea
• If you continued cutting something up into
  smaller pieces, eventually you would get to the
  smallest particle
• He called these particles ATOMA

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THE PARTICLE THEORY

• Has four principles
• All matter is made up of tiny particles

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THE PARTICLE THEORY

1. A substance is made of the same type of particle.
   Different substances are made of different
   particles.

SUBSTANCE B
SUBSTANCE A
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THE PARTICLE THEORY

1. Particles are always moving. The more energy
   they have, the faster they move.

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HOW DO WE KNOW PARTICLES ARE MOVING?
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THE PARTICLE THEORY
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HOW DO WE KNOW PARTICLES ARE MOVING?
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MOVING PARTICLES DISSOLVING

• Particle Theory explains how dissolving works

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THE PARTICLE THEORY

1. Particles have forces of attraction between them.
   The closer the particles are, the stronger the
   attraction force is.

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STATE OF MATTER

• There are 3 states of matter solid, liquid, and
  gas

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STATES OF MATTER

• SOLIDS
• Strongest attractive forces
• Require most energy to break apart
• Results in a fixed shape

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STATES OF MATTER
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STATE OF MATTER

• LIQUIDS
• Particles not held together as tightly because of
  weaker attractive forces
• This results in liquids not being able to hold
  their shape

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STATES OF MATTER
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STATE OF MATTER

• GASES
• Almost no force holding atoms together
• This results in gases spreading out when not in a
  container.
• Gases cant hold their shape or volume.

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STATES OF MATTER
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STATES OF MATTER

• To change the state of matter you must increase
  the speed of particles
• But How?

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STATES OF MATTER
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STATES OF MATTER

• Change states of matter by heating the substance.

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STATES OF MATTER
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EVAPORATION
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CLASSIFYING MATTER

• Matter can be classified as
• PURE SUBSTANCES
• Substances containing particles which are
  chemically joined
• Cant be separated easily
• MIXTURES
• Substances containing particles which are not
  chemically joined.
• Can be separated easily

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PURE SUBSTANCES
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PURE SUBSTANCES

• What are pure substances?
• Substances containing atoms which are chemically
  joined
• Cant be separated easily
• There are two types of pure substances
• Elements
• Compounds

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PURE SUBSTANCES

• What does chemically joined mean?
• Means 1 or more atoms are kept together by their
  attractive forces for each other
• These atoms are kept together and act as a
  couple

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PURE SUSBTANCES

• There are 2 types of pure substances

• ELEMENTS
• Substances containing 1 type of atom
• Example Oxygen has a chemical formula of O2

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PURE SUBSTANCES

• COMPOUNDS
• Contain 2 or more different types of atoms in a
  fixed proportion
• Example Water has a chemical formula of H2O

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MIXTURES
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MIXTURES

• What are mixtures?
• Substances containing atoms which are NOT
  chemically joined
• Can be separated easily
• There are two types of mixtures
• Heterogeneous Mixtures
• Homogeneous Mixtures

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MIXTURES

• Mixtures can be separated easily.

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PURE SUBSTANCE vs. MIXTURES
TAP WATER WOULD BE A _________________
DISTILLED WATER WOULD BE A _________________
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TYPES OF MIXTURES

• There are 2 types of mixtures

• HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES
• Also called SOLUTIONS
• Cant see individual parts of the mixture
• Looks like one thing. but a solution can be
  separate easily

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HOMOEGENOUS MIXTURES

• In a homogenous mixture, the individual parts are
  evenly spread out
• So it looks like one thing

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HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES

• Milk

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TYPES OF MIXTURES

• There are 2 types of mixtures

• HETEROGENOUS MIXTURES
• You can see the individual parts of the solution