Interactive Lecture Quiz

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Interactive Lecture Quiz 9 on Chapters 17 18-
Respiratory Physiology

• Spring, 2008
• By Patricia L. Mansfield, Ph.D.
• Directions. Take this quiz using your powerpoint
  viewer to test yourself and to get immediate
  feedback on your answer choice.
• I obtained some figures, animations or videos
  from internet classes or from your textbook
  author to demonstrate the important principles
  covered in this quiz.

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5/4/2008
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GENERAL OVERVIEW OF TOPICS CONSIDERED IN CHAPTER
17 VENTILATION VERSUS PERFUSION.
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GENERAL OVERVIEW OF TOPICS CONSIDERED IN CHAPTER
18 BUZZWORDS EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT.
Figure 18-1 - Overview
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1. Which of the following is NOT a determinant of
the rate of the diffusion of a gas across a
membrane?a. thickness of the membrane b.
surface area c. distance d. concentration
gradient e. All of these affect the rate of
diffusion.
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Normal thickness, surface area, distance
Identify the parts of the RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE
the functional unit of the respiratory system.
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UNDERSTANDING DIFFUSION CAN HELP YOU IN
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Figure 18-4a
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2. Refer to the drawing and code all of the
locations where deadspace is found on one line
on your scantron.
Find the terminal bronchiole, respiratory
bronchiole and alveolar duct on the drawing.
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3. Remembering Pouseilles flow equation, which
factor(s) are important in determining tissue
resistance in the respiratory system? a.
pressure gradient b. bronchial diameter c.
viscosity d. surface area of the alveolus e.
none of these
Q ? (?P) (r4) 8 (?) (l)
Predict the effects of each of the
following Histamine, epinephrine, acetylcholine
Where is smooth muscle located in the respiratory
tree? Where is there NO smooth muscle?
Figure 18-4e
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Ventilation Surface Tension and Surfactant
The smaller bubble will collapse without
surfactant!
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Factors Affecting Ventilation

• Airway Resistance
• Diameter
• Mucous blockage
• Bronchoconstriction
• Bronchodilation
• Alveolar compliance
• Surfactants
• Surface tension
• Alveolar elasticity

Which two cell layers must gases cross to go from
the alveoli to the plasma? (any order)
Figure 17-2e Anatomy Summary
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4. If alveolar PO2 is 100mm Hg and pulmonary
capillary PO2 is 40 mmHg, in which direction will
(net) diffusion occur? a. from the blood to the
alveolus b. from the alveolus to the blood c.
no diffusion occurs d. diffusion in either
direction when lying down
Q ? (?P) (r4) 8 (?) (l)
Figure 18-6
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4. If alveolar PO2 is 100mm Hg and pulmonary
capillary PO2 is 40 mmHg, in which direction will
(net) air flow occur? a. from the blood to the
alveolus b. from the alveolus to the blood c.
no air low d. air flow in either direction if
you are lying down
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• 5. Which process occurs when oxyhemoglobin is
  formed?
• Bohr effect b. reverse chloride shift c.
  loading reaction
• d. chloride shift e. unloading reaction

Buzz Words 1. Loading Reaction 2. Unloading
Reaction
Figure 18-6
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6. Ventilation should be ______ perfusion.a.
lower than b. higher than c. matched to

• Matching Ventilation with Alveolar Blood Flow
• Low O2 in alveoli ? vasoconstriction of
  arteriole
• Reduced blood flow at rest saves energy
• High blood CO2 ? bronchodilation
• Calculation of ventilation/perfusion ratios are
  an important part of respiratory physiology.
• Typically ventilation matches blood perfusion via
  local regulators of vasodilation
  bronchodilation

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7. The more soluble a gas is in a particular
liquid, the _____ the partial pressure required
to force the gas into solution. a. higher b.
lower c. cant be determined

• LOWER

Solubilities or Bunsens solubility coefficients
for gasses in body-warm blood. (Ignore units.
Dont memorize.)  Carbon dioxide0.52 Carbon
monoxide0.018 Nitrogen 0.012 (Water 0.013
Fat 0.065) Oxygen0.022
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8. In some cases of pulmonary edema, arterial PO2
is low but arterial PCO2 is normal. What
difference between the two gases explains this
clinical phenomenon?

• a. anaerobic metabolism
• b. solubility
• c. rate of ventilation
• d. degree of vasoconstriction
• e. effect of increased
• distance on diffusion

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9. Use the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve below
to determine a value for normal venous PO2 in mm
Hg. a. 20 b. 40 c. 60 d. 90 e. 100
Figure 18-9
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10. Which PO2 produces the highest concentration
of Hb.O2 in normal blood. a. 20 b. 40 c. 60
d. 80 e. 95
Figure 18-9
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11. When temperature increases, what happens to
this curve? a. same b. shifts to right c.
shifts to left
Figures 18-9 and 18-10 Added thought What is
the blood vessel response to low temperatures?
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12. Which other factors cause the same shift in
the curve as increased temperature?a. decreased
pH b. increased 2,3-DPG levelsc. increased pH d.
a and b e. b and c.
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What percentage of the oxygen transported by
erythrocytes is used for their own cellular
metabolism?

• Effects of 2,3-DPG
• 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, or 2,3-DPG, is created in
  erythrocytes during glycolysis.
• 2,3-DPG binds to deoxyhemoglobin, but not to
  Hb.O2.
• Therefore, it diminishes the oxygen affinity for
  hemoglobin.
• This reaction increases the probability that
  hemoglobin will unload oxygen at the tissues as
  part of the Bohr effect.

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Effect of PCO2
Figure 18-10c
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Table 18-1
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• 13. What is the primary mechanism for the
  transport of carbon dioxide in blood?
• Hb.CO2 b. dissolved in plasma c. as the
  bicarbonate ion
• d. as 2,3- DPG e. as the hydrogen ion

Figure 18-15
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Chloride Shift at the Tissues
ReverseChloride Shift at the Lungs
Figure 18-14
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Answers
1. E 6. C 11. B 2. ABCD 7. B 12. D 3. B 8.
B 13. C 4. B 9. B 5. C 10. E
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• Interactive Dissociation Tool at
• http//www.ventworld.com/resources/oxydisso/oxydi
  sso.html

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HALDANE EFFECT AT THE LUNGS
BOHR EFFECT AT THE TISSUES
Figure 18-13
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What does this feedback loop say about the old
oxygen lack hypothesis for ventilation?
Figure 18-20