GASTROINTESTIONAL MEDICATIONS

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GASTROINTESTIONAL MEDICATIONS

• Julie Balk FNP, MS
• March 14, 2005
• Nursing 220

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Overview Of GI Meds

• Antibacterial Drugs
• Histamine2-Receptor Antagonists
• Proton Pump Inhibitors
• Laxatives
• Antiemetics
• Antidiarrheal Agents
• IBS Drugs
• Prokinetic Anents
• Misc. Agents

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Peptic Ulcer Disease

• PUDGroup of upper GI disorders characterized by
  varying degrees of erosion of the gut wall
• Most common in stomach and duodenum
• Incidence10 of Americans over their lifetime
  (4.5 million Americans/year)
• Usually caused by Helicobacter pylori

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Defensive Factors

• Mucus
• Bicarbonate
• Blood Flow
• Prostaglandins

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Aggressive Factors

• Helicobacter pylori
• NSAIDs
• Gastric Acid

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PUD Treatment

• Alleviate Sx
• Promote healing
• Prevent complications
• Prevent recurrences

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Antibiotics

• Amoxicillin
• Bismuth
• Clarithromhycin
• Metronidazole
• Tetracycline

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Antisecretory Agents

• H2 receptor Antagonists
• Cimetidine
• Famotidine
• Nizatidine
• Ranitidine
• Esomeprazole

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Proton pump Inhibitors

• Lansoprazole
• Omeprazole
• Pantoprazole
• Rabeprazole

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Mucosal Protectant

• Sucralfate

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Antisecretory with Enhanced Mucosal Defenses

• Misoprostol

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Antiacids

• Aluminum hydroxide
• Calcium carbonate
• Magnesium hydroxide

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Laxatives

• Bulk Forming
• Surfactant Laxatives
• Stimulant Laxatives
• Osmotic Laxatives

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Bulk-Forming Laxatives

• Methylcellulose
• Psyllium
• Polycarbophil

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Surfactant Laxatives

• Docusate Sodium
• Docusate calcium
• Docusate potassium

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Stimulant Laxative

• Bisacodyl
• Senna
• Castor oil

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Osmotic Laxatives

• Magnesium hydroxide
• Magnesium sulfate
• Magesium citrate
• Magnesium phosphate
• Polyethylene glycol

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Miscellaneous Laxatives

• Mineral oil
• Glycerin suppository
• Lactulose
• Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution

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Antiemetics

• Antiemetics are given to suppress vomiting
• Emetic response
• StimuliDirect and indirect
• Pathways
• Receptors

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Serotonin Antagonists

• Ondansetron
• Granisetron
• Dolasetron

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Dopamine Antagonists

• Phenothiazines
• Chlorpromazine, Perphenazine, Prochlorperazine,
  Promethazine,Thiethylperazine
• Butyrophenones
• Haloperidol, Droperidol
• Others
• Metoclopramide, Domperidone

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Anticholinergics

• Anihistamines
• Buclizine, Cyclizine, Dimenhydrinate,
  Diphendydramine, Hydroxyzine, Meclizine
• Others
• Scopolamine

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Glucocorticoids

• Dexamethasone
• Methylprednisolone

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Cannabinoids

• Dronabinol
• Nabilone

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Benzodiazepines

• Lorazepam
• Diazepam

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Motion Sickness

• Scopolamine
• Antihistamines

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Antidiarrheal Agents

• Opiods
• Bulk Forming Agents
• Anticholinergic Antispasmodics
• Antibiotics (Travelers Diarrhea)

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome

• IBS Specific Drugs
• Alosetron
• Nonspecific Drugs
• Antispasmodics
• Bulk-formings agents
• Antidiarrheals
• Tricyclic antidepressants

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease

• Crohns Disease Ulcerative Colitis
• Aminosalicylates
• Glucocorticoids
• Immunomodulators

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Miscellaneous

• Prokinetic Agents
• Pancreatic Enzymes
• Drugs used to Dissolve Gallstones
• Herbal Remedies

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