Rock Deformation

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Rock Deformation
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Folds

• Warps in rock strata due to ductile deformation
• Generally indicate horizontal compression

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Simple physical model of folding in rocks
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• Three simple fold forms exist
• Synclines warp downward
• Anticlines warp upward
• Monoclines dip in one direction

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Anticlines Synclines

• Sequence of ages of strata indicate the geologic
  structure in folds
• Anticlines oldest layers exposed at the center
  of the fold
• Synclines youngest strata exposed along the
  center of the fold

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Anticline in its natural environment -oldest
rocks in the core of fold
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Syncline youngest rocks in core of fold
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anticline
syncline
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Folds occur as sets Fold Belts
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• Folds can be complex
• Multiple folding events
• Complex forms are created

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Complex Folds

• Domes Basins
• Generally occur in continental interiors
• Broadly warped regions
• Roughly circular pattern of outcrops

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