MarieClaude BelisBergouignan, Vronique SaintGes

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Environmental technologies in vine growing and
proximity relations

• Lessons from a process of techno-organizational
  coordination construction

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I. Environmental question and public authorities

• In agricultural zones, surface and underground
  water contamination is partially due to
  pesticides
• Punctual Pollutions
• Diffuse Pollutions
• How can environmental policy induce pollution
  reduction in the long term?
• Orientations and strategies
• Plan "Phyto geographical and institutional
  proximities
• Advantages of a technological approach

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II. Strategies of environmental public policy
implementation

• Public objectives to reduce pesticides pollutions
• Reduction of pesticides uses (good practices,
  reasoned agriculture)
• Elimination of dangerous products
• Treatment of effluents
• Alternative solutions development (biopesticides,
  biodiversity, biological agriculture)
• Etc
• 2000 - Regulation and voluntary actions
• European Union DCE (Directive Cadre Eau)
• France Adaptation to the DCE
• Regulation elaboration of a new law for
  pesticides uses
• Incitative program Plan Phyto
• Support by existing structures Clepa Corpen
• GRAPPP New missions

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II. Strategies of environmental public policy
implementation

• II.1 A multi level consultation device

Agricultural and environmental Ministeries
National level
Regulation Plan  Phyto  Definition National
Funds
National structures CLEPA CORPEN
Inter ministeries dialogue Dialogue between
agricultural and environmental stakeholders
Caracterization and validation of methodological
approaches
Regional level
National representative authority G.R.A.P.P.P
Local Dialogue Carrying out action
program Regional funds
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II. Strategies of environmental public policy
implementation

• Pattern of GRAPPP composition Dialogue and
  proximity
• Water Agency
• Deconcentrated Administrations
• Users Organizations
• Professional Organizations (firms, vine growers)
• Agricultural Development Institutes
• Research Institute or University Laboratories
• National Expert  Water, environment,
  pesticides 

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II. Strategies of environmental public policy
implementation

• II.2 GRAPPP stakeholders to operate plan
  phyto 
• Double missions to determinate regulation frame
• Diagnostic and determination of sensible areas
• Determination of pollution actions reduction
• New actions must be done
• Test technologies
• Diffuse informations to users

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III. Technologies key factor of regulation
construction

• III.1 Helping development of new environmental
  technologies.
• As Pesticides effluents cannot be thrown into
  natural environment , traitement technologies
  (end of pipe) must be used
• These technologies exist but their evaluation is
  necessary to public authorities
• The former device (GRAPPP) tested them
• But the situation is locked at the local level
• Non coordinated Methods CLEPA defines common
  protocol
• Different actors manage the experimentation
• Efficiency Indicators are not satisfactory
  (diminution of concentration of pesticides)
• Funds are necessary
• Users
• Do not recognize the experimentation
• New regulation implies more constraint
• Environmental investment seems to be too
  expensive

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III. Technologies key factor of regulation
construction

• III.2 A technopole in its role of innovative
  interface
• 2002 GRAPPP and Technopole collaborate
• Technological missions
• Creation of firmes by technological transfert
• Helping innovative technologies ermergence
  creating economical activities
• Specific activity sector Life sciences and
  agro-industries
• The technopole manages an innovative collective
  action (2002-2005)
• Targets
• Determination of environmental efficiency
  representative indicators to evaluate
  technologies
• Validation of environmental technologies
• Level of a Acceptance Technologies by users
• Stakeholders
• Funds Water Agency, local community, FNSE
• Ecotoxicology appraisail research laboratories,
  INERIS, 1 Start-up
• Regional environmental technologies ( regional
  firms)
• Ministery expert  water, environment,
  pesticides 

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IV. Forms of proximity and emergence and
diffusion of technologies
Geographical Institutional Proximities
Regulation - Ministeries
GRAPPP
Technologies Validation - INERIS
DRAF DIREN Agence de lEau
Local Communities
Geographical, 0rganizational, Technological
Proximities
Firms and Technologies
Research organisms
Technopole
Wine growers
National level
Regional level
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IV. Forms of proximity and emergence and
diffusion of technologies

• Innovative collective action results
• Experimentation
• Local level Indicators are accepted by actors
• National level this experimental program will be
  used to evaluate new environmental technologies
• Regulation
• Law concerning the pesticides uses is pre defined
• Some environmental technologies are recommanded
• Diffusion
• A panel of technologies exist corresponding to
  the different users needs (cost, size of farms,
  agriculture practices)
• Technopole action geographical and institutional
  proximities to combination of proximities
• Geographical proximity (relation between
  technological process stakeholders)
• Organizational proximity (technological relations
  are easier because the stakeholders are in the
  same site and network)
• Technological proximity (technopole is an
  innovative interface)

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Environmental technologies in wine growing and
proximity relations

• Research is realized with the support of the
  ecological and durable development ministery

Pr. Marie-Claude Belis-Bergouignan, IFREDE,
Université Montesquieu Bordeaux4 Véronique
Saint-Ges, INRA, IFREDE, Université Montesquieu
Bordeaux4 Congrès VDQS Macerata 27 mai 2005