LCA for the building sector in Sweden

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LCA for the building sector in Sweden

• COST C25, Eindhoven 2006-12-13/14
• Mauritz Glaumann
• University of Gävle, Sweden

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Swedish LCA and LCC methods

• EPS General LCA (Chalmers)
• EcoEffect Building LCA and indoor assessment
  (KTH, HiG)
• LCC Nothing specific

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EnvironmentalPriority Strategies, EPS

• Safeguard objects
• human health
• eco systems
• natural resources
• biodiversity
• aesthetic values

Procedure
Damage identification
Valuation Willingness to pay
ELU, Euro
Inventory
Emission, kg
Mortality/ Morbidity, kg
ELU, Euro/kg
X
Each emission gets a ELU value per damage ELU
Environmental Load Unit, Euro/kg
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Procedure in Eco-indicator 99
Consequences
Environmental impact
Production and use of products
Eco-indicator 99 - a damage oriented method for
Life Cycle Impact Assessment
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Procedure in EcoEffect principles
Load value on a building
Data on a building
normalisation
External Load Index
weight
Data on an end point problem
Damage value on an endpoint problem
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External impact in EcoEffect - calculations
building input data
data in the EcoEffect software program
environmen-tal load g eqv
emissions per amount g/kg
characte-risation eqv
amount of products kg
x
x

weighted load
x
disability weight
potential num-ber of affected persons
disability time
damage value (weight)

x
x
Each endpoint problem have its own weight
data on an endpoint problem
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EcoEffect aims at
become a tool for environmental design and
managing of of building estates

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EcoEffect - System Boundary
EXTERNAL IMPACT - emissions and depletion-
Energy use Materials use
INTERNAL IMPACT - health and biodiversity-
Indoor environment Outdoor environment
Property border System boundary
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EcoEffect Ecoefficiency
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EcoEffect - calculates Environmental load numbers
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Radioactive waste
Eutrophication
Acidification
Ground Ozone
Resource use
0
Natural resources
Solid waste
Emissions
ENERGY MATERIAL
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Environmental profile Energy and materials use
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EcoEffect - Indoor profile health effects
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EcoEffect - calculates environmental related
life cycle costs no and 3 reell price increase
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The DALY concept
Years Lived with a Disability


Impact starts
Average impact period
Perfect health
0
1,0
Average disability
YLD
YLL
DISABILITY WEIGHT
QUALITY OF LIFE
DALY
1,0
0
Premature death
Average life time
Dead
Years of Lost Life
TIME, years
DALY per person YLD YLL (severity) YLD
disability weight x disability time YLL Average
life time Years lived
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DALYs for different problems
Discomfort every winter
Perfect health
0,0
Unemployment
DISABILITY WEIGHT
Killed in a road accident
A serious disease
Dead
1,0
Average life time
LIFE TIME
0
With the DALY concept large impact during a
short time equals a small impact during a long
time even comfort problems can compared with
diseases
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FINDING ENDPOINT PROBLEMSexample climate change
MID POINT CHANGES
NEEDS
EMISSIONS
ACTIVITIES
ENDPOINT PROBLEMS
Increased sickness
Malaria/dengue
Emission of CO2, CH4, N2O and other greenhouse
gases
Heating
Cardiovascular
Increased content of greenhouse gases in
atmosphere
Increased ambient tempera-tures
Respiratory
Combustion Gasification Digestion
Mechanical work e.g. transport
Rise of sea level
Decreased agriculture
Decreased forestry
Starvation
Increased draughts and floods
Waste management
Flooding death
People displaced
Cause effect chain