FINAL EXAM Review

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FINAL EXAM Review

• VOCABULARY

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Russia the Republics

• Abdicate When a leader is forced to give up
  his/her throne.
• Autarky A country that has the ability to be
  economically self-sufficient.

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• Communism A political system in which the
  government holds nearly all political power and
  the means of production.
• Czar The emperor of Russia prior to the Russian
  Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent creation of
  the Soviet Union in 1922.

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Southwest Asia

• Absolute monarchy A ruler who is completely
  free from constitutional restraint
• Desalinization A process by which saltwater is
  changed into fresh water.
• Fallow unused, as in cropland.

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• Islam A monotheistic religion based on the
  teachings of the prophet Muhammad, and the
  biggest cultural and religious influence in North
  Africa.
• Judaism The religion of the Jews, which
  appeared in Southwest Asia between 3500 B.C. and
  600 B.C.

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• Mosque An Islamic place of worship, where
  Muslims pray facing toward the holy city of
  Mecca.
• Muslim A person who follows Islam
• Oasis A place where water from an aquifer has
  reached the surface it supports vegetation and
  wildlife.

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• Pilgrimage A journey, often for religious
  purposes Muslims have to make the journey to
  Mecca at least once in their lifetime.
• Quran The book of Islams sacred writings (
  Islamic Bible )
• Theocracy A country where religious leaders
  control the government, relying on religious law
  and consultation with religious leaders.

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Africa

• Apartheid A policy of complete separation of
  the races, instituted by the white minority
  government of South Africa in 1948.
• Embargo Legal restrictions against the movement
  of goods into or out of a country.
• Escarpment A steep slope capped by a plateau

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• Exile A person who is forced to leave his
  country.
• Sanction Economic measure used to force a
  nation to stop an illegal or immoral act.
• Staple The main food crop in an area.

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East Asia

• Archipelago A set of closely grouped islands.
• Buddhism A religion that originated in India
  about 500 B.C. and spread to China, where it grew
  into a major religion by A.D. 400.

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• Confucianism A movement based on the teachings
  of Confucius, a Chinese philosopher who lived
  about 500 B.C. Confucius stressed the importance
  of education in an ordered society in which one
  respects ones elders and obeys the government.
• Demilitarized Zone A buffer zone into which
  military forces may not enter.

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• Paddy A water-covered field usually used for
  rice cultivation.
• Provisional Government A temporary government
  set up until a more permanent one can be
  established.
• Shinto A Japanese religion whose followers
  believe that gods inhabit natural objects and
  that these gods should be worshipped in community
  rituals.

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• Subsidy Financial support given by a government
  to an individual or industry within a country.
• Taoism A philosophy based on the book Tao Te
  Ching and the teachings of Lao-Tzu, who lived in
  China in the sixth century B.C. and believed in
  preserving and restoring harmony in the
  individual , with nature, and in the universe,
  with little reference to the government.

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• Tsunami A giant ocean wave, caused by an
  underwater earthquake or volcano eruption, with
  great destructive power.
• Typhoon A tropical storm, like a hurricane,
  that occurs in the Western pacific.

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SOUTHEAST SOUTH ASIA

• Caste System The Aryan system of social classes
  in India and one to the cornerstones of Hinduism
  in which each person is born into a caste and can
  only move into a different caste through
  reincarnation.
• Defoliant A chemical that makes plants leaves
  drop off, usually killing the plant.

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• Hinduism The dominant religion of India and
  Nepal
• Karma The force generated by a persons actions
  that perpetuate transmigration and determine the
  nature of the persons next existence.
• Monsoon A seasonal wind, especially in South
  Asia, that blows from the same direction for
  months.

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• Partition Separation division into two or more
  territorial units having separate political
  status.
• Reincarnation A rebirth of a soul into a new
  body or an new form of life.
• Storm Surge High water level brought on by a
  cyclone that swamps low-lying areas.

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• Terraced Farming An ancient technique for
  growing crops on hillsides or mountain slopes,
  using step-like horizontal fields cut into the
  slopes.
• Tropical Cyclone A violent storm with fierce
  winds and heavy rain the most extreme weather
  pattern in South Asia.

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AUSTRALIA, OCEANIA, ANTARCTICA

• Aborigine People who migrated into Australia
  from Asia at least 4,000 years ago the original
  settlers of the land.
• Atoll A ring-like coral island or string of
  small islands surrounding a lagoon.
• Continental Shelf The earths surface from the
  edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean.

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• Coral Reef A ridge found in warm, tropical
  water close to shore, made of a rocky limestone
  material formed by the skeletons of tiny marine
  animals.
• Endemic Species A plant or animal that
  originates only in a particular region.
• Marsupial A mammal, such as a kangaroo, that
  carries its young in a pouch.