Memphis, TN

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Memphis, TN
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Memphis, Egypt
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Temple of Ptah in Memphis
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(No Transcript)
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What were some of the benefits of living in the
Nile River Valley? What were some of the
disadvantages?
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The Nile River
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Map of Ancient Egypt
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What do you notice about this relief map of Egypt?
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Early Governments

• Once people began to settle in the Nile River
  Valley governments began to form
• One reason for this was the need for a system to
  control the river
• People needed
• Dikes and reservoirs to restrain the annual
  flooding of the Nile Valley
• Canals to irrigate dry farmlands

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• These major projectstoo large for individuals
  acting separatelyrequired group effort
• This led to the formation of local governments,
  usually chiefdoms
• Through war and marriage, these chiefdoms
  eventually combined into two large kingdoms
• Lower Egyptthe northern part of the Nile Valley,
  including the delta
• Upper Egyptthe central part of the Nile Valley

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There were two kingdomsUNTIL
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Menes, the ruler of Upper Egypt, conquered Lower
Egypt around 3100 B.C. and united the country. He
became the first Pharaoh, or king!
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The Old Kingdom

• It lasted about 1,000 years (3100-2200 B.C)
• The pharaohs built huge stone pyramids to serve
  as their tombs
• Khufu (2900 B.C.) kept 100,000 people working for
  20 years to build the famous Great Pyramid
  outside Memphis in Giza
• Khafre (2850 B.C.) also constructed a pyramid in
  Giza along with the Great Sphinx, a statue having
  the head of a man and the body of a lion

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Pyramids of Giza
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The Middle Kingdom

• It lasted from about 2200-1730 B.C.
• The period is also known as the Age of Nobles
  because the pharaohs power declined and that of
  the nobles increased
• There was disunity and many civil wars broke out
• Despite this, great accomplishments were still
  made
• huge irrigation projects
• a ship canal that, together with the Nile,
  connected the Mediterranean and Red seas

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• In 1730 B.C. Egypt was taken over by invaders
  from Western Asia, the Hyksos.
• From these fierce warriors, the Egyptians learned
  to fight on horseback and use chariots
• The Hyksos ruled Egypt for about 160 years.

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The New Kingdom

• It lasted from about 1570-1100 B.C.
• A strong Egyptian leader finally drove out the
  hyksos, and a new empire arose with its capital
  in Thebes
• During this period, ambitious pharaohs assembled
  large armies and organized great war fleets

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Institutions Found InAncient Egypt
Monarchy
Theocracy
Dynasty
Bureaucracy
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Whats A Monarchy?
A system of government headed by a...
or a.
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So, Whats a Theocracy?
A system of government -- usually, but not always
a monarchy in which the ruler heads both the
government and the official religion.
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Egypt Was a Theocracy

• The Pharaoh had two meanings to the Egyptian
  people
• Of course, he was head of the government.
• But he was something else, even more important.
  What?

Horus -- while alive
Osiris -- after death
In other words -- A GOD
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Whats a Dynasty?
Egypt had over 30 of them.
The British queen, Elizabeth II, is the latest
member of one.
It almost always involves a monarchy.
So -- what is it?
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Finally -- Whats a Bureaucracy?
This should be review!.
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Some of the Best Known Pharaohs

• Queen Hatshepsut
• Thutmose III
• Amenhotep IV
• Ramses II
• Tut-ankh-amen, an unimportant ruler whose cliff
  tomb, discovered intact in 1922, helped give us a
  picture of Egyptian life during this era

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Queen Hatshepsut

• 1st female ruler
• ruled for her son, Thutmose as a regent, but
  claimed to be king because of divine blood
• ruled as a man

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Thutmose III

• Greatest military pharaoh
• conquered lands in Palestine and Syria
• National Hero

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Amenhotep IV

• In 1375 B.C. he introduced the worship of a
  single god, the new sun god Aton
• A belief in one god is called monotheism
• opposed by priests who feared the loss of power
• opposed by people who feared the wrath of
  their traditional gods
• after his death, polytheism restored

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Ramses II

• Reigned for 67 years
• fought the Hittites
• Restores Egypts power

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Tut-ankh-amen

• Boy King
• First complete tomb discovered

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Ancient Egypts Decline

• About 1100 B.C. Egypt lost its strength
  militarily
• Egypt did not regain national independence until
  the 20th century