4.17 Zoisite

1
4.17 ??????? (Zoisite)
zoisite ????????????????????(variety)
?????????????????????????????? ???
?????????(tanzanite) ????????? blue sapphire
???????????????? V ?????????????????
pleochroism ???????
Crystallography
?????????? orthorhombic ???????????????? C
2
Physical properties
Optical properties
Transparency ??????? Optic
character Bi Refractive index
1.691 1.693 ??? 1.700 (
0.003 ??? 0.005) Birefringence 0.009
0.010 Dispersion
0.021 Pleochroism ?????????????????????
???? ( ) ???????????( )
???????????????????? ( ) Fluorescence
???????????
3
Absorption spectrum ???????????????????
????????? 595 528 ??? 455 nm.
spectrum of tanzanite (blue direction)
Colour ???????????????? tanzanite
?????????????????? ????????
?????????????????????????
4

• zoisite ??????? ???????? ???????????? (green
  zoisite) ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??? amphibole ??????? ????? zoisite-amphibolite
  ????????? ruby ?????????????????????????????
  ???????? ruby in zoisite

green zoisite
ruby in zoisite

• zoisite ??????????? ???????? ??????
  (thullite) ????????????? Mn ???????????????????
  ?????

5
Chemical properties
Chemical formula Ca2Al3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)
Group Sorosilicate (epidote group)
tanzanite
Diagnostic features
tanzanite ???????????????? blue sapphire ???
??????? pleochroism ?????????????? ????? R.I. ???
S.G. ??????? ??????????????????? tanzanite
??????? ??? iolite ???? pleochroism
?????????????? ????????????????? R.I. ??? S.G.
??????? tanzanite
iolite
blue sapphire
6
Occurrence
zoisite ?????????????????????? ??? tanzanite
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
? schist ????????????????? Tanzania ????
green zoisite ???? Tanzania ??? Kenya ????
thullite ???? Norway Australia ??? Italy
Name
zoisite ??????????? Baron von Zois
thullite ????????????????
Norway ??? Thule tanzanite
??????????????? Tanzania
7
4.18 ???????? (Iolite)
iolite ???????????????????????????????????
(cordierite) ????????????????
?????????(dichroite) ????????????? pleochroism
??????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????
???????????????????????? C ??????????????
??????????????????????? ??????????(water
sapphire) ??????????????? blue sapphire ???
Crystallography
?????????? orthorhombic ???????????
???????????????????????????? hexagonal ????????
hexagonal ????? (pseudo hexagonal)
?????????????????? iolite
8
Physical properties
Cleavage ????????????? ?????????????? Fractu
re ????????????????? Hardness 7
7 ½ Specific gravity 2.61 ( 0.05)
Optical properties
Luster ????????? Transparency
?????????????????? Optic character Bi -
(??????????????? Bi ) Refractive index
1.542 1.546 ??? 1.551 (
0.045 ??? 0.11) Birefringence 0.008
0.012 Dispersion 0.017
9
Colour ??????????????????????????
??????????????? ???????????? ???????????
??? ????? ?????????
Pleochroism ?????????? ???????????????????
?????? ??????????????????????????-
???? ??????? ????????-???????
?????????? ????????????????????????
C Fluorescence ??????????? Absorption
spectrum ????????????????
???????????????????
10
Chemical properties
Chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2Al4Si5O18 Group
cyclosilicate ????????????????? ????????
Fe ?????????????
Diagnostic features
????????????? iolite ??? pleochroism
????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????
amethyst sapphire spinel ??? tanzanite
?????????????????? R.I. ????????????? ????
tanzanite ????????? 3 ??(trichroism) ????????
S.G. ??????????
tanzanite
spinel
amethyst
blue sapphire
11
Occurrence
Iolite ???????????????? gneiss ??? schist
??????????????????? granite ??? pegmatite
????????????????? alluvial ???????? Sri Lanka
Myanmar Madagascar India ??? Tanzania
Name
iolite ????????????? ios ??? lithos
??????????????? cordierite
???????????????????????????????? P.L.A. Cordier
12
4.19 ???????? (Spodumene)
spodumene ???????????? pyroxene ????????????
jadeite ???????????????????? Li ??? ????????
??????????????????? ??? ??????????????????
??????????????????
Crystallography
???????????????(tabular) ???????????? C
????????????????????????????????? C
13
Physical properties
Cleavage ?????????????????????????????? 2
???????????? Fracture ??????????
???????????? Hardness 6 ½ - 7 Specific
gravity 3.18 ( 0.03)
Optical properties
Luster ????????? Transparency
??????? Optic character Bi
Refractive index 1.660
1.666 ??? 1.676 (
0.005) Birefringence 0.014
0.016 Dispersion 0.017
14
Colour ?? ??????? ??????????????????????
????? ?????? ???

• ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????
  ??????? (kunzite) ????????????? Mn
  ??????????????????????? ???????????????????

• ????????????????????? ????????? (hiddenite)
  ????????????? Cr ???????????-??????
  ????????????? Fe

15
Pleochroism ??????????????????????

• kunzite ???????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????

• hiddenite ?????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ?????????-?????????

Fluorescence - ???? kunzite
???????????????????????? ?????? LWUV ???
SWUV ????? LWUV ??????????????
- ???? hiddenite ????????????????-??????
??????? LWUV
Absorption spectrum

• ????????????-????? ???????????? Fe
  ???????????????????? Fe ??? 438 ??? 433 nm.

• hiddenite ???????? Cr ???? ??? 690 686
  669 ??? 646 nm. ???????????????? ???
  620 nm.

16
Chemical properties
Chemical formula LiAlSi2O6 Group
Chain silicate (pyroxene)
Diagnostic features
??????????????????????? kunzite ??? rose
quartz pink topaz ??? morganite
????????? R.I. ??????? kunzite ?????? topaz
???????????? ???? rubellite ???????????
?????? kunzite ?????? ?????????????? S.G. ???
R.I. ???????????? ?????????????????
pleochroism ????????????????????
morganite
pink topaz
rose quartz
rubellite
17
Occurrence
????????????????? ???????????? pegmatite
?????????????? Brazil Madagascar Afghanistan
??? Myanmar ?? USA. ???????? North Carolina
??? California
Name
spodumene ????????????? ?????? ?????????
(ash) kunzite ?????????????????????????????? ???
G.K. Kunz hiddenite ????????????????????????????
? hiddenite ???? W.E. Hidden
18
4.20 ???????? (Malachite)
malachite ???????????????? ?????????????????????
????????? ?????????????(massive)
????????????????????????-?????????????????????????
????? ?????????????????? 4 ???????????????????
?????? ????????????????????????????
????????????????????????(bead) ???????????????????
??????
Crystallography
???????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????? monoclinic
19
Physical properties
Cleavage - Fracture
?????????????? Hardness 3 ½ -
4 Specific gravity ???????????? 3.60
4.05 ???????????????????? 3.95
Optical properties
Luster ????????????????????
Transparency ?????? Optic character
Bi - Refractive index 1.655
1.875 ??? 1.909
(??? R.I. ?????????????????????????????????????
??? 1.85) Birefringence
0.254 Fluorescence ??????????? Absorpt
ion spectrum ????????????????????????
20
Colour ???????????(vivid) ???????
??????????????????????????
???????????(banding) ????????????-??????????
Chemical properties
Chemical formula Cu2CO3(OH)2
????????????????????? Cu Group Carbonate
21
Diagnostic features
malachite ??????????????????????????-???????????
?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
Occurrence
malachite ????????????????????? (alteration)
???????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
azurite ????????????? ?????????? malachite
????????????????? Zaire Namibia Australia ???
Zimbabwe
Name
malachite ????????????? mallows ??????
???????
22
????????????????
5.1.1 ?????????? (Obsidian)
???????????????? ????????????????????????????????
lava ??????????????? ?????????????????(amorphous)
?????????????????????????????? obsidian
????????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????
Physical properties
Cleavage - Fracture
???????????? Hardness 5 5 ½ Specific
gravity 2.40 (0.10 ??? 0.07)
23
Optical properties
Luster ????????? Transparency
????????????????? Optic character
isotropic Refractive index 1.490 ( 0.020
??? 0.010)
Colour ??????????? ?? ????????
???????????????????????? ??? ??????? ???????????
??? ????????????????
obsidian ???????????????????????????????

• flowering ???? snowflake obsidian ????????
  ????????????? cristobalite
  ????????????????

24

• sheen obsidian ???????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????? ???
  ?????????????????

• rainbow obsidian ???? iridescence
  ??????????????

• apache tear ???????? obsidian
  ?????????????? ?????????????
  ?????????????????

25
Chemical properties
???????????????????????????????? rhyolite
?????????? SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MgO
CaO Na2O K2O ??? H2O
Occurrence
??????????????????????????????????????
??????????????? ??? Iceland Mexico Japan
Ecuador ??? Guatemala obsidian
????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
??? USA.
Name
obsidian ????????????????????????????
Ethiopia
26
5.1.2 ??????? (Tektite)
tektite ???????????????????????????????????????(
meteorite) ???????? ???????? ??????? ?
???????????????? ???????????????????? obsidian
????????????????? ?????? teardrop
dumbbell ???? flanged ???????????
?????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????
strewn field
????????? tektite ????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?? ???????????????????????? ??? ?????????
???????? ????????? (moldavite)

moldavite
27
Physical properties
Cleavage - Fracture
???????????? Hardness 5 ½ Specific
gravity 2.42 (0.09 ??? 0.08)
????????????????????????
?????????????????????
Optical properties
Luster ????????? Transparency
???????????????? Optic character
isotropic Refractive index 1.51 (0.02)
28
Colour ????? ?????? ????????????? ??
??????? ???????? moldavite
moldavite
29
Chemical properties
??????????????????????????????????? 68 82
??????????????????? ?????? 0.005
Occurrence
tektite ??????????????????? Moldau ??
Czechoslovakia ???????????????????? moldavite
?????????????? ??? Philippine Australia
Indonesia Thailand ??? Vietnam ?? USA.
??????? Texas ??? Georgia
Name
tektite ????????????? tektos
?????? ?????????
30
5.1.3 ??????????? (Lapis Lazuli)
???????????????? ????????????????????????????????
??????????????(feldspartoid) ????????????????????
???(lazurite) ????????????????????????? ???????
?????? hauyne nosean ??? sodalite
????????????????????????(calcite) ???????
?????????(pyrite) ???????
pyrite
calcite
31
?????????????????? ???????????????????? lapis
lazuli ????????????????(species) ?????
????????????????????????????????????? lazurite
?????????????????????????????????????? lapis
lazuli
Crystallography
??????????????? ??????? dodecahedron
??????????? isometric
32
Physical properties
Cleavage ????????? Fracture
?????????????? ?????????????? Hardness 5 -
6 Specific gravity 2.42 ( lazurite )
??????? lapis lazuli ????? 2.75 ( 0.25)
???????????????????????????????
Optical properties
Luster ???????????????????
Transparency lapis lazuli
????????????????????????????? Optic character
isotropic Refractive index ??????
1.50 Fluorescence ??? lazurite
???????????????? ????????? SWUV
33
Colour lapis lazuli
??????????????????????????? ????????????????
????? ?????????????????? calcite
????/??? ???????? pyrite ????????
???????????????????????????????
Persian lapis ???????????????
?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????
calcite ??? pyrite
Chilean lapis ?? calcite ???????????
???????????????
34
Chemical properties
lazurite ??????? (Na,Ca)8(Al,Si)12O24(SO4)3S,Cl
Diagnostic features
??? lapis ????????????????????????????? ????
sodalite lazurite azurite ?????? S.G. ???
R.I. ????????????
sodalite
azurite
lazurite
35
Occurrence
lapis lazuli ??????????(boulder)
????????????????? ??????????????????????????
?????????????????? ????? Afghanistan Siberia
Chile USSR Canada ??? USA.
Name
lazurite ????????????????????? azurite
????????????????????????????? lapis lazuli
??????????????????? lazhward ?????? ?????????
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