Metrics and More

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Metrics and More
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(No Transcript)
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Metrics

• Matter anything that has mass and volume
• Mass material in an object or substance
• Volume amount of space that is taken up by an
  object or substance

• All matter is made up of elements (substances
  that can not be broken down any simpler)
• Elements are made up of atoms

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ATOMS

• An atom is the smallest part of an element

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Atoms have

• Electrons moving negatively charged particles
• Nucleus (has both)
• Protons positively charged
• Neutrons no charged

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Periodic Table

• Table
• Isotopes
• Compounds
• molecules

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Periodic Table

• Atomic number of protons in the nucleus
• Atomic mass average number of protons and
  neutrons in the atom
• number of neutronsmass number - atomic number

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Elements, molecules

• Isotopes atoms of the same element with a
  different mass number
• Compounds substance that contains 2 or more
  elements chemically combined
• Molecule smallest part of a compound
• A molecule of water contains 2 atoms of the
  element H and 1 atom of the element O.

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Six Crystal Systems

• Pictures
• And
• Examples

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Cubic

• Halite
• Sylvite

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Tetragonal

• Wulfenite
• sulfide

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Hexagonal

• Quartz
• Graphite

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Orthorhombic

• Sulfur
• Topaz

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Triclinic

• Turquoise
• Kyanite

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Monoclinic

• Gypsum
• Borax

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Minerals and Crystals?

• Minerals are often found in the form of crystals
• MORE THAN 90 OF THE EARTHS MINERALS FALL UNDER
  THE 6 SYSTEMS
• Silica means silicon plus oxygen

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Minerals must

• Occur naturally
• Is a solid
• Definite chemical composition
• Orderly arrangement of atoms
• inorganic

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How do minerals form?

• Molten magna as it cools atoms move closer
  together and combined elements determine which
  mineral
• Dissolved water (evaporates)
• Heat, pressure

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Common elements

• Which elements are found in the earths crust?
• There are eight of them (pg 35)

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Native Minerals

• Composed of single elements
• Au
• Ag
• Cu
• S
• C

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Specific Gravity
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What is Specific Gravity?

• is another property that is helpful in
  identifying a mineral
• The ratio of the weight of a mineral, to the
  weight of an equal volume of water
• Waters specific gravity is 1
• Most minerals have a lower SG

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What are some Specific Gravities

• Non-metals
• Slightly less then 3
• Metallic minerals
• Approximately 5

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How to determine SG

• Weight in air of material
• Weight of water
• Then weight of sample in water
• Weight of sample / loss of weight in water