Review of Exam III

1
Review of Exam III
Homework and class examples
Atomic Spectroscopy Chapter 8, 9, and 10
atomic line width atomization atomic emission
spectrum atomic absorption spectrum atomic
fluorescence spectrum
Four factors for line broadening 1.
Uncertainty effect 2. Doppler effects 3.
Pressure effect due to collision between atoms of
the same kind and with
foreign atoms 4. Magnetic field effects (Zeeman
effect).
Dn Dt gt 1
Effect of Temperature on Atomic specatroscopy
Boltzmann equation Nj/N0 Pj/P0 exp(-Ej/kT),
Meaning of Boltzmann equation
2
Atomizers flame atomizers, Electrothermal
atomizers glow discharge atomizer, and
Inductively Coupled Plasma
Radiation Sources 1. hollow cathode lamp. 2.
electrodeless discharge lamps
Spectral interferences Chemical Interference

• X-Ray Spectroscopy, Chapter 12
• Emission (fluorescence)
• Absorption
• Diffraction

The methods to generate X-ray irradiation lo
12,398/V where V / volts, lo / A
o
3
Energy diagram for X-ray absorption and emission
Mv
2 2 5/2
MIV
2 2 3/2
MIII
2 1 3/2
MII
2 1 1/2
MI
2 0 1/2
LIII
2 1 3/2
LII
2 1 1/2
LI
2 0 1/2
L series
K
1 0 1/2
K series
Emission (fluorescence) Absorption
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X-ray diffraction
Bragg's Law n l 2 d sin q
Instrumentation of X-ray spectroscopy
Mass Spectrometry, Chapter 11 and 20
Basic concepts Atomic or molecular weights (amu,
or Da) Mass-to-Charge ratio m/z (12C1H4,
m/z16.035/1)
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Sample

Inlet System
Ion Source
Mass Analyzer
Detector
10-5 - 10-8 torr
Signal Processor
Vacuum System
Readout
1. Quadrupole mass analyzer
2. Time-of-flight mass analyzers
3. Double Focus Mass analyzers
4. Single Focus Mass analyzers
m/z (B2r2e)/2V
5. Ion Trap Analyzer (FT Mass spectrometry)
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R m/Dm
Resolution of Mass spectrometer
Ion Source Electron Impact ionization Chemical
ionization Field ionization Field
desorption Matrix Assisted Laser
Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Fast Atom
Bombardment (FAB)
Determination of Molecular Formula EI Mass-spec
(M1)/M