Measurement and Evaluation

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Measurement and Evaluation

• Terminology

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Anaerobic

• Anaerobic Energy Systems
• ATP-PCr Phosphagan
• Glycolytic Lactic Acid
• Maximal anaerobic energy production 0-90 seconds

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Anaerobic Tests

• Vertical Jump
• Stair-Step Test
• Sprint Tests
• Wingate Cycle Test
• Blood Lactate

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Muscle Test

• Grip Strength
• 1-RM Test
• Muscle Endurance
• Sit-Ups Test
• Push-Ups Test

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Flexibility

• Static (e.g. Sit and Reach)
• Dynamic (e.g. Range of Motion)

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Aerobic

• Aerobic Energy System
• Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Beta
  Oxidation,
• Measurements
• Submaximal VO2
• calories
• estimate VO2max
• VO2max
• Basil Metabolic Rate
• Resting Metabolic Rate

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Cardiovascular

• Blood Pressure
• Heart Rate

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Body composition

• Measurements
• Fat mass
• Fat free mass
• Body mass index
• Waist to hip circumference
• Tests
• Skin Fold Calipers
• BIA

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Terminology
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Mass

• Mass is the quantity of matter in an object
• Under normal conditions mass equals weight
• Units of mass
• Gram
• Kilogram
• 1 pound 2.2 kilograms

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Force

• Force is that which changes the state of motion
  in matter e.g. muscular activity generates force
• Units
• Newton The unit of force required to accelerate
  a mass of one kilogram one meter per second per
  second.
• Kilogram is also used
• 1 Newton 0.1 Kg

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Work

• Work is force applied over a given distance
• Work force x distance
• Units
• kg . m
• N . m
• Joule
• 1 kgm 10 Nm 10 J
• Work can be positive (e.g. concentric
  contractions) or negative (e.g. eccentric
  contractions).

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Velocity

• Velocity is speed
• Velocity distance / time
• Units
• mph
• m/min
• m/sec
• 1 mph 26.8 m/min 1.6 km/hr
• 1 m/min 0.04 mph

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Power

• Power work / time or the rate of work
• Units
• watts (W)
• joules per second
• kgm/min
• Nm/min
• Horsepower
• 1 W 6.12 kgm/mi 0.1019 kgm/s 1 J/s 60
  J/min 0.060 kJ/min 1 Nm/s 60 Nm/min

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Energy

• Energy is a measure heat production
• Units
• calorie
• kilocalorie (kcal)
• joule
• 1 kcal 1000 calories 4.184 kJ 4184 J
• VO2 is an indirect measure of energy where 1.0
  liter/min 5 kcals.

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Temperature

• Units
• Fahrenheit
• 32 º to 212 º
• ºF (1.8 x ºC) 32
• Celsius
• 0 º to 100 º
• ºC 0.56 (ºF 32) or (ºF 32) / 1.8
• Kelvin
• 273 ºK 0 ºC 32 ºF

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Barometric Pressure

• Pressure of the atmospheric air
• Units
• mm Hg
• torr

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Measurement and Evaluation

• Statistical Terms

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Statistics

• Organizing, describing, and analyzing
  quantitative data
• Prediction outcomes

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Variable

• Independent variable (X)
• Manipulated or changed e.g. age, gender, etc.
• Dependent variable (Y)
• Measured e.g. heart rate

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Differences

• t- Test
• Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

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Relationships

• Correlation coefficient (r)
• May describe the accuracy of the test
• May describe how one variable relates to another
  predictor
• Direct or positive
• Indirect or negative

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r -0.44
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Level of Significance

• p values
• Typical level of significance is set at p lt 0.05

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Other Terms

• Reproducibility
• Test-retest minimum is typically 0.70 or 0.85
• Objectivity
• Reproducibility with other administrators or
  testers
• Validity
• Measures what it claims to measure

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Prediction

• Regression line
• Regression equation
• Standard error of estimate (SEE)
• The amount of error that can be expected in a
  predictive score
• If SEE 5 kg for a predicted weight of 40 kg
  then 68 of weights will be between 35 kg and 45
  kg.

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Norms

• Mean
• Standard deviation

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Standard Deviation

• One standard deviation away from the mean in
  either direction on the horizontal axis (the red
  area on the above graph) accounts for somewhere
  around 68 percent of the people in this group.
  Two standard deviations away from the mean (the
  red and green areas) account for roughly 95
  percent of the people. And three standard
  deviations (the red, green and blue areas)
  account for about 99 percent of the people.

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Types of tests

• Field tests
• Large groups
• Screening
• Not good for research tools
• Lab tests
• More control
• Less practical

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