Types of bonds

1
Chapter 8

• Types of bonds
• Ionic
• E 2.31x10-19 Jnm(Q1Q2/r)
• Covalent
• Bond Energy
• Bond Length

2

• Electronegativity
• Polar bonds
• Dipole Moments
• HF
• H2O
• CH4

3

• Ions size and configurations
• Ca vs Ca 2
• Cl vs Cl -
• Ionic Compounds
• Lattice energy
• The amount of energy released when the ions
  combine to form the solid.
• Covalent bonds can be sort of ionic

4

• Covalent Bond Energies
• Single, double, and triple
• ?H ?bonds broken ?bonds formed
• H2 F2 ? 2HF
• ?H H-H F-F 2H-F
• ?H 1n(432kJ/n)1n(154kJ/n)-2n(565kJ/n)

5

• Localized Electron Bonding Model
• Electrons are located between atoms
• Bonding pairs
• Lone pairs
• Lewis Electron Dot Structures
• Octet rule

6

• CH4
• H2O
• NH3
• CO2

7

• SO2
• H2SO4
• K3PO4
• CH2O

8

• Exceptions to octet
• PH5
• SF6
• BH3

9

• Resonance
• CO32-
• NO2-
• Formal Charge
• of valence electrons electrons in molecule
• CH4 C 4 4 0 H 1 1 0
• SO2 S 6 5 1 O 6 6 0 and
• O 6 7 -1

10

• Molecular Shape
• VSEPR
• Multiple bonds are treated like large singles
• Possible shapes and bond angles
• HF Linear, 180
• BH3 Trigonal planar, 120
• CH4 Tetrahedral, 109.5
• H2O Bent, 104.5
• NH3 Trigonal pyramidal, 107.5
• PH5 Trigonal bipyramidal, 90 and 120
• SH6 Octahedral, 90