Adaptation Proposals UNEP GEF Perspective

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Adaptation ProposalsUNEP - GEF Perspective

• Dr Mahendra Kumar
• Task Manager, Adaptation

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Outline of Presentation

• General issues on project development
• Discussion of frameworks
• GEF modalities opportunities
• Adaptation Funds
• Current UNEP-GEF portfolio
• Planned/ongoing activities in SSA
• Challenges

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Assessment of Vulnerability and Adaptation

• What is of concern?
• Food production, water supply, health?
• Concerns may not be expressed in climate terms,
  e.g., extreme temperature, but in consequences of
  climate for people
• Who may be affected?
• How far into the future is of concern?
• For what purpose is the assessment to be used?
• Raising awareness (education)?
• Policy making?
• What kind of output is needed?

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Other considerations

• What resources are available to conduct the
  study?
• Money
• Staff
• Expertise
• How much time is available?

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Questions key to scope of study

• One should not begin with the methods or models
  one has in hand, but with these questions
• Select methods and models that best help answer
  the questions

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Approaches depends on questions

• Questions about how climate change may affect
  resources may lead to analysis of long-term
  impacts, e.g., out to 2050, 2100
• Questions about adaptation may lead to analysis
  of vulnerability within a planning horizon, e.g.,
  5 to 50 years

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Vulnerability

• Vulnerability to climate change is the risk of
  adverse things happening
• Vulnerability is a factor of
• Exposure
• Sensitivity
• Adaptive capacity
• Vulnerability is a Function of All ThreeV
  F(E, S, AC-)

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Frameworks

• Impacts
• Also known as first generation or top down
• Adaptation
• Also known as second generation or bottom up

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Frameworks

• Description of some VA frameworks
• One size does not fit all
• Select a framework or method that best suits the
• Questions being asked
• Who is asking them
• What kind of answers you need
• What resources and time you have to work with
• How the study should be carried out

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Adaptation Frameworks

• Driven by stakeholder identification of issues
  and involvement in process
• Bring in analysis as necessary and appropriate
• Could use non-analytic techniques
• Tend to address near-term concerns
• Often address climate variability and change
• Emphasis on socioeconomic context

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Impacts Framework

• IPCC Seven Steps
• U.S. Country Studies Program
• UNEP Handbook

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IPCC Framework

• Define the problem
• Select the method
• Test the method
• Select scenarios
• Assess biophysical and socioeconomic impacts
• Assess autonomous adjustments
• Evaluate adaptation strategies

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US Country Studies Program

• Provided detailed guidance on specific methods
• Coastal resources
• Agriculture
• Livestock
• Water resources
• Vegetation
• Human health
• Wildlife
• Fisheries
• Adaptation
• Publications

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UNEP Handbook

• Presents overviews of methods
• Source for information on different methods
• Not detailed guidance
• Topics include
• Climate change scenarios
• Socio-economic scenarios

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UNEP Handbook (contd)

• Integration
• Adaptation
• Water resources
• Coastal zones
• Agriculture
• Rangeland and livestock
• Human health
• Energy
• Forests
• Biodiversity
• Fisheries

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Adaptation Frameworks

• UNDP Adaptation Policy Framework
• NAPA Guidance
• UKCIP
• USAID

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NAPA Guidance

• National Adaptation Programme of Action
• Least developed countries identify and rank
  proposed measures to adapt to climate change
• Decision 28/CP.7

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Other approaches

• AIACC
• VARA
• Sustainable Livelihoods

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Sustainable Livelihoods

• Approach for addressing development planning for
  poor communities
• Focuses on their assets and vulnerabilities
• Can examine shocks from climate variability and
  change
• More focused on near term planning rather than
  long term planning

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Application of Framework

• Projects often take longer and cost more than
  originally thought (or proposed)
• Be careful about complex frameworks
• You may only get through the first few steps
  before running out of time or funds
• Do what you need early on

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GEF and Adaptation

• Enabling Activities
• Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA) Trust Fund
• LDC Fund (UNFCCC)
• SCCF Fund (UNFCCC)
• Adaptation Fund (Kyoto Protocol)

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Piloting an Operational approach to adaptation
(SPA

• SPA will show how adaptation and planning can be
  practically translated into projects that will
  provide real benefits (5/CP.7)
• Guidelines (May 2004, GEF Council document)

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SCCF Programming Areas

• Water resource management
• Land management
• Agriculture
• Health
• Infrastructure development
• Fragile ecosystems including mountainous
  ecosystems
• Integrated coastal zone management
• Improving monitoring of diseases and vectors
  affected by cc and related early warning systems
• Disaster preparedness
• Strengthening and establishing national/regional
  centres and info. Networks for rapid response

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GEF Adaptation Projects (SPA)

• Kiribati Adapt. Project (KAP) (GEF 1.5 M) WB
• Colombia Integrated National Adaptation Pilot
  High Mountain Ecosystems, Colombias Caribbean
  Insular Areas, and Human Health (INAP) (GEF 4M)
  WB
• Regional (Caribbean) Implementation of Pilot
  Adaptation Measures in coastal areas of Dominica,
  St. Lucia and St. Vincent the Grenadines (GEF
  1.9M) WB

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Approved Projects

• Regional (West Africa) Responding to Shoreline
  Change (GEF 4M) UNDP countries include
  Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Cape
  Verde
• Global Community-Based Adaptation Program (pilot
  in Bangladesh, Bolivia, Niger and Samoa) (GEF
  5M) UNDP
• Regional, Africa Coping with Drought and Climate
  Change (GEF 4M) countries include Ethiopia,
  Kenya, Mozambique and Zimbabwe

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UNEP GEF Approach

• Project link to National Priorities, Action
  Plans and Programs. Assist countries in
  identifying priorities, in context of the wider
  SD goals and poverty reduction strategies. The
  NCs, NCSAs,TNAs and Plans from other focal areas
  such as Biodiversity, IWs, LD etc are useful
  hooks.

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Format

• A template provided to assist countries structure
  their ideas in terms of the GEF guideline for
  proposals. Include discussion on baselines,
  incrementality, global environmental benefits,
  actual objectives, outcomes, outputs and
  activities.

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Types of Projects

• Projects can be stand alone, or independent
  add-on, or integrated with a project in other
  focal areas such as biodiversity, land
  degradation and international waters. A lot of
  the activities in projects in sustainable land
  management for example are designed to enhance
  resilience and reduce risks to droughts, floods
  etc.

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GEF projects

• Emphasis on actual implementation of activities
  on ground.
• Capacity building and awareness raising is a
  vital component, link to policies mainstreaming
• Studies (research) can form part of the proposal,
  but not the key emphasis
• Opportunities for stand alone research projects

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Examples UNEP Projects

• AIMS Adaptation Program Reducing Vulnerability
  of Coastal Zones (IW)
• Integrating Vulnerability to CC into Sustainable
  Development Planning in E/S Africa (Energy, Land)
• Using IT to reduce vulnerability of
  Indian/Pakistan agriculture sector
• Integrated Pest Management in new malaria zones
  as a result of shifting climate zones (POPs)
• Amazon Basin Integrated Watershed Management

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Projects in Progress

• CC Adaptation and tourism in Fiji, Maldives and
  Seychelles
• Enhancing adaptive capacity in the health sector
  in Solomon Islands
• Improving watershed management in the Philippines

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Challenges

• Building national capacity through projects
• Strengthening scientific understanding
• Application to national priority setting

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National Skills

• Lot of perceived truths about the ability to
  design action oriented projects such as
  adaptation
• Nationals have better understanding of the
  development issue, cultural context, take more
  pragmatic approach to problem
• May need assistance in sourcing references,
  resources and formatting proposals

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Enhance National Capacity

• Problem of credibility of national scientists
  in the eyes of decision makers
• Lack of self-confidence
• Weak coordination amongst scientists
• Need for a greater degree of linkages to global
  issues

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Role for Implementing Agencies

• Enhance confidence amongst and credibility of
  national scientists
• Enhance communication between scientists and
  greater exchange of data and information
• Emphasise their unique strengths and roles in
  terms of focusing research based on local
  circumstances

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Conclusion

• Developing proposals for adaptation different
  from that for other areas?
• Not really!
• Adaptation provides a unique niche for
  scientists/researchers in their own setting to
  bring their particular advantages
• IDS and AAI provided this unique mechanism