NEUROIMAGING at the NIH

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NEUROIMAGINGat the NIH
Peter A. Bandettini, Ph.D. bandettini_at_nih.gov Fun
ctional MRI Facility Unit on Functional Imaging
Methods Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH
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Functional MRI the NIH At least 4
institutes NIAAA NIMH NINDS NIDCD and about 150
researchers.
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Topics Studied with fMRI at the NIH

• Epilepsy
• Visual processing
• Mood disorders
• Learning
• Habituation
• Plasticity
• Motor Function
• Auditory processing
• Attention
• Language
• Speech
• Stroke
• Social Interaction
• Development
• Aging
• Genetics

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Venography
Fiber Track Imaging
Anatomy
Angiography
Perfusion
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• Functional Imaging
• Xenon Computerized Tomography (Xe CT)
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
• Single Photon Computed Tomography (SPECT)
• Functional MRI (fMRI)
• Electroencephalography (EEG)
• Magnetoencphalography (MEG)
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

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Functional Neuroimaging Techniques
Non-invasive
Log Size (mm)
Invasive
Log Time (sec)
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MRI vs. fMRI
MRI
fMRI
high resolution (1 mm)
low resolution (3 mm but can be better)
one image
fMRI Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD)
signal indirect measure of neural activity

many images (e.g., every 2 sec for 5 mins)
? neural activity ? ? blood oxygen ? ?
fMRI signal
Courtesy, Robert Cox, Scientific and Statistical
Computing Core Facility, NIMH
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Brain Activation Causes.


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Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Contrast Resting
Perfusion
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
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Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Contrast Activated
Perfusion
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
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Motor Cortex Activation
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The FMRI Signal
Based on Local Blood Flow Response in the Brain
task
task
Courtesy, Rasmus Birn, Unit on Functional Imaging
Methods, NIMH
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Activation Statistics
Functional images
Time
Courtesy, Robert Cox, Scientific and Statistical
Computing Core Facility, NIMH
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J. Illes, M. P. Kirschen, J. D. E. Gabrielli,
Nature Neuroscience, 6 (3)m p.205
Motor (black) Primary Sensory (red) Integrative
Sensory (violet) Basic Cognition
(green) High-Order Cognition (yellow) Emotion
(blue)
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fMRI Setup
Courtesy, Robert Cox, Scientific and Statistical
Computing Core Facility, NIMH
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Reading
Listening
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Left
Right
Toe movement
Finger movement
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Tactile Stimulation
Finger Movement
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Simple Finger Movement on the RIght Hand
Left
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2
3
4
5
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7
8
9
10
Right
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Complex Finger Movement on the Right Hand
Left
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Right
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Imagined Complex Finger Movement on the Right Hand
Left
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3
2
4
1
5
6
7
8
9
10
Right
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Ocular Dominance Column Mapping using fMRI
calcarine
Menon, R. S., S. Ogawa, et al. (1997). Ocular
dominance in human V1 demonstrated by functional
magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurophysiol
77(5) 2780-7.
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Presurgical Mapping
Right Hand
Right Foot
Tumor
Left Foot
O-15 PET
fMRI
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Science, Vol 281, August 1998
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Comparison of two groups of normal individuals
with differences in the Serotonin Transporter Gene
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Methodology
Technology
Neuroscience
Interpretation
Applications
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Who we are
Unit on Functional Imaging Methods Peter
Bandettini (Physics/Physiology/Neuroscience...) Ra
smus Birn (Physics) David Knight
(Neuroscience) Anthony Boemio (Physics/Neuroscienc
e) Niko Kriegeskorte (Psychology/Statistics) Natal
ia Petridou (Biomedical Engineering) Ilana Levy
(Psychology) Hanh Nguyen (Neuroscience)