Geography 484

1

• Geography 484
• Southeast Asia
• Jim Glassman
• Lecture 5a
• October 1, 2008

2
Questions

• What is development?
• What should development be?

3
Cold War Development Politics

• Development as a Cold War construct
• Communist nationalism as development
• Anti-communism as development
• Development as a terrain of social struggle

4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
Latin American Structuralism

• Capitalist interests in the Global South
• The context for Latin American theories
• Long-term independence, yet continued dependency
• European, then US domination of region
• The Great Depression (Keynesianism)
• ECLA and Prebisch
• declining terms of trade
• Import substitution industrialization (ISI)

7
Maoism

• Popular interests in the Global South
• The context for Maoism
• Semi-colonial, semi-feudal
• Popular-nationalist struggle
• The Chinese revolution, 1949
• Maoism as state practice
• Collectivization of agriculture
• Voluntarism

8
Modernization Theory

• Capitalist interests in the Global North
• The context for modernization theory
• ISI in Latin America
• National liberation struggles in Asia
• The Cold War (military Keynesianism)
• Rostow stages of growth
• Uniform stages of economic growth
• Movement from traditional to modern
• Communism as a disease of the transition

9
Dependency Theory

• Popular interests in the Global South
• The context for dependency theory
• Limits of ISI
• Development of radical alternatives
• The Cuban revolution, 1959
• Frank development of underdevelopment
• Development in core causes underdevelopment in
  periphery
• Movement out of dependency more difficult than
  development in the core

10
Post-Cold War Development Politics

• Continued influence of development economics
  (modernization)
• Neo-liberal challenges to Keynesianism
• Neo-Weberian challenges to neo-liberalism
• The rise of alternative development populism

11
Neo-liberalism

• Capitalist interests in the Global North
• The context for neo-liberalism
• The rise of TNCs, fall of Bretton-Woods
• The rise of the East Asian NICs
• The Thatcher-Reagan revolution
• Friedman no free lunch
• Minimal state?
• Liberalization, privatization, EOI

12
Neo-Weberianism

• Capitalist interests in Japan, Global South
• The context for neo-Weberianism
• Japanese challenge to the West
• Struggles against Thatcherism/Reaganism
• The challenge to neo-liberalism
• East Asian theorists get the prices wrong
• Guided markets (financial repression)
• Neo-mercantile EOI

13
(No Transcript)
14
Problems of mainstream Cold War approaches to
development

• Narrow emphasis on GDP growth?
• GDP does not capture non-market sources of wealth
• GDP only counts as valuable that which can be
  priced
• Even where emphasis was more on issues such as
  health and education, approaches were often
  top-down, elitist, and politically motivated

15
Alternative critique of mainstream
developmentalism

• Dissatisfaction with GDP focus (development of
  Human Development Index, HDI)
• Concern over disempowerment
• Critique pointed at Marxism as often as at
  liberalism
• Conservative or radical populist strain?
• Indigenous doctrines of development vs.
  NGO/social movements doctrines

16
(No Transcript)