Artificial Intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence

• Andrea Danyluk
• For FPS
• 2/2/04

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Today well discus

• Intelligence
• Artificial Intelligence
• A brief history of AI
• Cool current projects in AI

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Whats involved in Intelligence?

• Ability to interact with the world (speech,
  vision, motion, manipulation)
• Ability to model the world and to reason about it
• Ability to learn and to adapt

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Goals in AI

• To build systems that exhibit intelligent
  behavior
• To understand intelligence in order to model it

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Modeling people?

• Sometimes
• But sometimes we want AI systems to be better and
  smarter than we are

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A Brief History of AI

• 1943 McCulloch and Pitts propose a model of
  artificial neurons
• 1956 Minsky and Edmonds build first neural
  network computer, the SNARC

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The Dartmouth Conference (1956)

• John McCarthy organizes a two-month workshop for
  researchers interested in neural networks and the
  study of intelligence
• Agreement to adopt a new name for this field of
  study Artificial Intelligence

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1952-1969 Enthusiasm

• Arthur Samuels checkers player
• Shakey the robot
• Lots of work on neural networks

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1966-1974 Reality

• AI problems appear to be too big and complex
• Computers are very slow, very expensive, and have
  very little memory (compared to today)

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1969-1979 Knowledge-based systems

• Birth of expert systems
• Idea is to give AI systems lots of information to
  start with

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1980-1988 AI in industry

• R1 becomes first successful commercial expert
  system
• Some interesting phone company systems for
  diagnosing failures of telephone service

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1990s to the present

• Increases in computational power (computers are
  cheaper, faster, and have tons more memory than
  they used to)
• An example of the coolness of speed Computer
  Chess

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Computer Chess

• 2/96 Kasparov vs Deep Blue
• Kasparov victorious 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss
• 3/97 Kasparov vs Deeper Blue
• First match won against world champion
• 512 processors 200 million chess positions per
  second
• How do you think it works???

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Cool things AI is doing now
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Robotics

• Mars rover
• http//marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html
• Humanoid robots
• http//www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-g
  roup/
• Entertainment robots
• http//www.us.aibo.com/
• Vacuum cleaner robots Roomba

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Machine Learning

• Looking for patterns in vast amounts of data that
  is just too big for humans to analyze
• c4.5 demos

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Lanuage Systems

• Automatic translation
• http//world.altavista.com/
• You type, it types back
• http//www.mrmind.com/mrmind3

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Speech Systems

• Movie ticket reservations by phone
• 1-800-Fandango
• You talk, it types
• IBMs ViaVoice

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Vision Systems

• Face recognition and enhancement
• http//www.ri.cmu.edu/labs/lab_51.html
• Automated driving - No Hands across America
• Visual tracking systems
• http//www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/research/demos/.i
  ndex.html

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More Information

• http//www.aaai.org/Pathfinder/html/show.html