Weight Control

1
Weight Control

• Alissa Lean

2
Overview

• Facts about Diet and Weight Loss
• Questionable Diets
• Prescription Drugs and Non Prescription Products
• Questionable Products and Procedures

3
Facts about Weight Control

• Estimated that over-weight adults in the US is
  between 25-64.
• Estimated 50 million Americans will go on diets
  this year, but perhaps only 5 will manage to
  keep all of it off in the long run

4
Price of Weight Loss

• In 1999, sales of weight loss products and
  services totaled 32.22 billion.
• Leading categories are
• Diet Soft drinks (13.57 billion)
• Health Clubs (10.65 billion)
• Artificial Sweeteners (1.61 billion)
• OVC appetite suppressants and meal-replacement
  products (1.49)

5
Questionable Diets

• Some individuals are sufficiently desperate
  and/or gullible to try one questionable diet
  after another
• Are warned against trying any method promised to
  induce weight loss of more than two pounds a week

6
Complete Fasting

• Fasting has been used for weight reduction since
  ancient times
• Few days of fasting is not likely to be
  dangerous, but prolonged fasting leads to
  dangerous metabolic imbalances
• Prolonged fast can also lead to anemia, liver
  impairment, kidney stones, postural hypotension
  (low blood pressure), mineral imbalances and
  other adverse effects

7
Supplemented Fasting

• Medical researchers have discovered that if
  fasting individuals eat small amounts of protein,
  it will provide glucose for the brain
• Protein-sparing modified fast
• Diet is recommended only for people who are at
  least 30 overweight and used under medical
  supervision

8
Low Carbohydrate Diets

• Most low carb diets do not limit the intake of
  proteins, fats or total calories
• A diet that is low in both carbohydrates and
  calories will produce ketosis and rapid initial
  weight loss
• Promoters of low-carb diets regard carbohydrates
  as the dieters number one enemy!

9
Beverly Hills Diet

• Based on Bizarre notions about digestion and
  metabolism, including the idea that undigested
  food is what winds up as fat
• Food to be digested properly, only one type of
  food should be eaten each day
• Diet calls for just Fruit the first 10 days, than
  other types of foods were added in various
  combinations

10
Fit for Life Diet

• Based on theories of Natural Hygiene that
  eating foods in the wrong combination can cause
  health problems
• When certain foods are eaten together, they rot
  and decay creating digestive cesspools that
  somehow poison ones system and make one tired
  and fat.
• Low-fat, high-fiber diet with foods high in water
  content to wash out the body from the inside

11
Herbalife

• Diet plan based on four products
• A powdered protein meal substitute
• An herbal blend with ingredients that include
  small amounts of laxatives
• A multivitamin/multi-mineral/herb formula
• A linseed oil formula

12
Other Questionable Diets

• The Adkins Diet
• Bio-Diet
• Bloomingdales Eat Healthy Diet
• Carb Addicts Diet
• Dr. Abravenels Body-Type Diet
• Eat Right 4 Your Type

• Fat-Destroyer Foods Diet
• Grapefruit Diet
• I Love New York Diet
• Mayo Diet
• Mono-food Diet
• Rice Diet
• Southampton Diet

13
Prescription Drugs

• No drug or drug product can ensure permanent
  weight loss.
• Some products may suppress appetite temporarily,
  but the side effects limit their usefulness.

14
Prescription Drugs

• Amphetamines (speed)
• Once most widely prescribed appetite suppressant
• Cause nervousness, irritability, insomnia, and
  fatigue. High dosages can cause abnormal heart
  rhythms, fainting and psychotic reactions

15

• Thyroid hormone
• Helps to control metabolism
• Not recommended unless you have a thyroid problem
• Large dosage will cause weight reduction but they
  will also raise blood pressure and strain the
  heart
• Diuretics
• Substances that cause water loss from the body by
  increasing the output of urine
• Inappropriate for use in weight reduction

16
Prescription Drug HCG

• Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
• Idea came from a British Physician, Dr. Albert T.
  Simeons
• Hormone that is found in the urine of pregnant
  women
• HCG would mobilize stored fat suppress appetite
  and redistribute fat from the waist, hips and
  thighs.
• Combine the HCG with 500 calorie a day diet

17
Nonprescription Drugs

• During the 1970s an advisory panel evaluated more
  than 100 substances that had been used in
  weight-loss formulas
• The panel found only two ingredients safe and
  effective
• Phenylpropanolamine and benzocaine
• FDA does not back this study

18
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)

• A nasal decongestant, active ingredient in many
  diet products
• The advisory panel judged that 150 mg of PPA
  daily was safe, but the FDA set the standard
  dosage at 75 mg
• Doses high enough to suppress appetite may
  produce side effects such as headaches, blurred
  vision, excessive sweating, rapid pulse,
  nervousness, insomnia, dizziness and elevations
  in blood pressure

19
Ma Huang (Ephedra)

• Herb that contains ephedrine, a decongestant and
  nervous system stimulant that can raise blood
  pressure.
• Marketed as weight loss aids, even though they
  have not been proven safe and effective for this
  purpose.
• Complications blood pressure elevation, fast
  heartbeat, stroke, seizures and even death.

20
Benzocaine

• Local anesthetic, used in chewing gum, lozenges
  and before-meal mints
• Used to dull nerve endings in the mouth which can
  decrease a persons sense of taste and therefore
  decrease the interest in eating.

21
Other so Called Weight Loss Wonders

• Diet Patches
• Worn on the skin
• Fat Blockers
• Purport to physically absorb fat and mechanically
  interfere with the fat a person eats
• Starch Blockers
• Promise to block or impede starch digestion

22

• Magnet
• Diet pills that say they flush fat out of the
  body
• Diet Teas
• No such tea has been proven effective for the
  purpose of weight loss. Some teas contain
  laxatives that can be dangerous
• Bulk Producers and Fillers
• Fiber-based products that are indigestible,
  noncaloric substances that absorb water during
  digestion and supposedly trick the stomach to
  think it is full

23
Questionable Products and Procedures

• Cellulite and Cellulite Removers
• Europeans came up with the word Cellulite to
  describe deposits of dimpled fat found on the
  thighs and butt of women
• Cellulite is claimed to be a special type of fat
  gone wrong combination of fat, water and toxic
  wastes the body has failed to eliminate.

24
Cellasene Cellulite Remedy?

• Developed by an Italian chemist, Gianfranco
  Merizzi
• Claims to increase blood circulation, reduce
  fluid buildup, stimulate metabolism and reduce
  localized fats.
• Was taken twice daily for two months and then
  once daily for maintenance.
• Claims product works without a change in the
  users diet and exercise routine
• Cost 1.50 to 2.00 per capsule

25
Electrical Muscle Stimulators

• Have legitimate use in physical therapy treatment
  but not for cellulite and weight loss
• The FDA has removed a number of them off the
  market because they were promoted for weight loss
  and body toning.
• Can cause electrical shock and burns

26
Body Wrapping

• Claim you can trim inches off the waist, hips,
  thighs and other problem areas of the body.
• Clients are told that the fat will melt away
  and they can lose inches in just 1 hour.
• Wrapping may cause temporary water loss, any
  fluid lost will soon be replaced by drinking or
  eating

27
Gadgets and Gimmicks

• Appetite suppressing eyeglasses glasses with a
  colored lenses to project and image to the
  retina, to lessen the desire to eat.
• Magic weight loss earrings devices custom fit
  to the purchasers ear to stimulate acupuncture
  points controlling hunger.

28

• Slim Skin plastic suit with an attached hose, to
  slim the body if connected to a vacuum cleaner
  during exercise.
• Walk on Air shoes plastic and lined with
  springs, to make people move faster, feel better
  and burn more calories.
• Blue Velour Blanket melt fat during sleep if
  wrapped around your body after taking a shower
  and drinking lemon water.
• Rubber pellets to resemble maggots were to be
  wet and sprinkled over forbidden food
• Crossbar hang upside down so the calories would
  rush up be absorbed by the brain and not by the
  intestines.

29
Truth about Cellulite

• No equipment, exercise or non-surgical treatment
  can remove fat exclusively from a single are of
  the body.
• Amount of fat in the body is determined by the
  individuals eating and exercise habits, but the
  distribution of fat in the body is determined by
  heredity.

30
FTC advises to use caution towards products and
procedures that use these words

• Easy
• Effortless
• Guaranteed
• Miraculous
• Magical
• Breakthrough

• New Discovery
• Mysterious
• Exotic
• Secret
• Exclusive
• Ancient

31
Consumer Tips

• Any claims that you can lose weight effortlessly
  are false.
• Very low calorie diets are not without risk and
  should be pursued only under medical supervision.
• Fad diets rarely have any permanent effect. Crash
  diets will send dieters into a cycle of quick
  weight loss, followed by a rebound weight gain
  when normal eating begins.