Civil War and Reconstruction.

1
Civil War and Reconstruction.

• 1861-1877

2
Causes

• Long Term
• Slavery
• State power v. Government power
• Tariffs
• Sectionalism
• Bleeding Kansas

• Short Term
• Break up of the Democratic Party.
• Republican nomination of Abraham Lincoln
• Secession
• Attack on Fort Sumter
• Uncle Toms Cabin

3
Wartime Advantages

• North
• Had more industrial might
• Larger population
• Strong central government

• South
• Fighting defensively
• Better military leaders
• Better troops
• More motivation

4
Battles

• South won many of the battles in the beginning of
  the war, such as The Battle of Bull Run.
• During such battles, the north ran into many
  troubles with their generals.
• Some battles were drawn out and bloody with
  indecisive outcomes. (Antietam, Fredericksburg)
• Ocean battles were important to the Union,
  blockades and victory in the Monitor (North) v.
  Merrimac (South)
• Turning Points for the North Battles Vicksburg
  and Gettysburg, Grant taking control of the army.

5
Emancipation Proclamation

• After Antietam, on September 22, 1862 issued a
  statement that said that all slaves in the
  rebellious states must be freed by January 1,
  1963. This did not affect the slaves in the
  Border states.
• It gave the soldiers and actual purpose to fight
• Increased the number of slaves that fought for
  the Union
• It was more of a propaganda maneuver because
  Lincoln had no control over the slaves in the
  Confederacy.

6
The End of War

• General Sherman marched from Chattanooga
  Tennessee to Georgia and South Carolina. Sherman
  enacted Total War upon the South to break their
  will. His troops destroyed everything in their
  path.
• General Lee (Confederacy) surrenders to General
  Grant (Union) at Appomattox Courthouse April 9,
  1865
• Grant allowed Lees men to take their horses and
  go home.
• On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a southern
  sympathizer, shot and killed the President while
  he was attending a performance in Fords Theater
  in Washington.

7
Amendments

• Thirteenth Amendment Neither slavery nor
  involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for
  crime whereof the party shall have been duly
  convicted, shall exist within the United States,
  or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
• Fourteenth Amendment Declared that all persons
  born or naturalized in the United States were
  citizens and obligated the states to respect the
  rights of U.S. citizens and provide them with
  equal protection of the laws and due process of
  law.
• Fifteenth Amendment Prohibits any state from
  denying or abridging a citizens right to vote on
  a count of race, color, or previous conditions of
  servitude.

8
Radical Republicans

• Wade Davis Bill (1864)- Lincoln proposed 10,
  while the Wade Davis Bill required 50 of voters
  to admit loyalty to the Union, however, Lincoln
  vetoed it.
• President Johnson agreed on the 10 plan but he
  said that former leaders and those with more than
  20,000 dollars couldnt vote anymore.
• Charles Sumner was the leading Radical Republican
  in the Senate, and in the House Thaddeus Stevens
  of Pennsylvania lead the Republicans, they wanted
  to extend military rule to insure the Civil
  Rights of blacks.
• Reconstruction Act of 1867- Divided the South
  into five military districts and forced the
  states to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and
  grant the right to vote to all free males.
• In 1867 the Tenure of Office Act was passed, and
  prohibited the President from removing a federal
  official without the approval of the Senate.
  Johnson then fired Secretary of War Stanton and
  in 1868 became the first President to be
  impeached. Johnson was one vote shy of being
  impeached in the senate.
• Carpet Baggers and Scalawags- Southern
  republicans were Scalawags and Northern new
  comers were called carpet baggers. And most
  were interested in making money off of
  reconstruction.

9
Racism

• Civil Rights Act of 1875- Guaranteed equal
  accommodations in public places and prohibited
  courts from excluding blacks from juries. The law
  was poorly enforced.
• Black Codes- Restricted rights and movements of
  the newly freed African Americans and prohibited
  blacks from renting land or borrowing money to
  buy land, and prohibited blacks from testifying
  against whites in court.
• Sharecropping- At first, landowners made blacks
  sign contracts to work the fields, but then the
  blacks became tenants on the land and were given
  seeds in return for part of their crop.
• KKK- Founded in 1867 by Nathaniel Bedford Forrest
  and was a white supremacist group that terrorized
  blacks to keep them from voting.

10
Presidents

• Andrew Johnson- Took over after Lincoln was
  assassinated and tried to continue his policies
  but vetoed a bill increasing the power of the
  Freedmans Bureau and also vetoed a bill that
  nullified the Black Codes.
• Almost impeached in 1867, charged with 11 high
  crimes.
• Ulysses Grant- Really bad president whose friends
  made all of the decisions which bred corruption
  in both business and government.
• Rutherford Hayes- Ended the military districts in
  the South in 1877 and created a southern
  transcontinental railroad as part of his promise
  of the Compromise of 1877.
• 1877 marked the end of Reconstruction.