The Advances in

1
The Advances in and the Economics of High
Pressure Reverse Osmosis for Product
Concentration Applications in the Food
Industry (Presented at the 2006 IFT)
2
Overview of Presentation

• Osmotic Pressure
• Standard Pressure Reverse Osmosis
• High Pressure Reverse Osmosis
• Case Study Concentration of Sweet Whey
• Applications

3
Osmotic Pressure

• The pressure exerted by the flow of water through
  a semi-permeable membrane separating two
  solutions with different solute concentrations
• P MRT for dilution solutions
• M concentration
• R gas constant
• T absolute temperature

Component MW 2 5 10 15 20 Lactose
342 24 63 134 215 320 Glucose 180 48 127 264 405
588 NaCl 58.5 250 620 MgSO4 120.4 65 168 352 6
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4
Standard Pressure Reverse Osmosis
Standard Pressure Reverse OsmosisOperating
Parameters and Capabilities

• Membranes spiral-wound TFC
• Systems continuous w/ recirculation loops
• Operating Parameters
• Pressure lt 600 psig
• Temperature lt 50 C (standard)
• Capabilities
• Concentrate products to lt 20 solids (typical)
• Commercial Applications
• Widely used in food, dairy, beverage industries

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High Pressure Reverse Osmosis
High Pressure Reverse OsmosisOperating
Parameters and Capabilities

• Membranes spiral-wound TFC
• Systems continuous w/ recirculation loops
• Operating Parameters
• Pressure 600 - 1000 psig
• Temperature 0-50 C (standard)
• Capabilities
• Concentrate products up to 25 - 35 solids
  (typical)
• Hot water sanitizable (some elements)
• Equipment Requirements
• More limited selection of components

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High Pressure Reverse Osmosis
High Pressure Reverse OsmosisOperating
Parameters and Capabilities

• Process
• Achieve commercially viable solids concentrations
• Improved product quality
• No thermal degradation of product quality
• Economic
• Reduced transportation costs
• Better capital and operating costs than other
  technologies

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Case Study Sweet Whey Concentration
Case Study Sweet Whey ConcentrationOverview

• Client interested in concentrating sweet whey
  with high pressure RO to reduce transportation
  costs
• Feed is sweet whey pre-concentrated with RO
• Innovation USDA and 3A approval
• Alternative technologies include
• use of standard pressure RO and NF
• NF generates a salt laden permeate
• Lower total solids concentrate

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Case Study Sweet Whey Concentration
Case Study Sweet Whey ConcentrationFlux Data
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Case Study Sweet Whey Concentration
Case Study Sweet Whey ConcentrationSweet Whey
Process Stream Compositions
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Case Study Sweet Whey Concentration
Case Study Sweet Whey ConcentrationApplication
Information

• Operating Specifications
• Feed Solids 19 Total Solids
• Water Removal Rate 12 gpm (gt5M Gal/Yr)
• Concentrate Solids 28 Total Solids
• Operating Basis
• Days per Year 365
• Production Mode 20 hours / day
• CIP Mode 4 hours / day
• System GEAs Scope of Supply
• All components, including PLC and MCC
• All engineering and fabrication services
• Excludes installation services

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Case Study Sweet Whey Concentration
Case Study Sweet Whey ConcentrationProject
Costs and ROI

• Capital Costs (including install) 500,000
• Operating Costs 200,000 / year
• Includes costs for labor, membrane replacement,
  CIP chemicals, power, steam, CIP water, cooling
  water
• Operating Cost lt 0.04 / gallon of water removed
• Transportation requires gt1,000 fewer tank trucks
• Basis is 5,000 gallons / tanker
• Shipping costs per tanker 1,000
• Cost Savings per year gt1,000,000
• ROI breakeven point 9 months

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High Pressure Reverse Osmosis
High Pressure Reverse OsmosisApplications
(spiral-wound membranes)

• Concentration of whey products
• Sweet whey
• Sweet whey UF permeate
• Concentration of clarified fruit juices
• Concentration of clarified vegetable juices
• Concentration of clarified polysaccharide, sugar
  and sweetener products

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Case Study Sweet Whey Concentration
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