Waveparticles interaction in radiation belt region

1
Wave-particles interactionin radiation belt
region
Hanna Rothkaehl
Space Research Center, PAS Bartycka 18 A 01-716
Warsaw, Poland,
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• Electromagnetic emissions observed in the nearest
  Earth environment are superposition of natural
  emissions and various types of artificial noises.
  The magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere
  subsystem is strongly coupled via the solar wind,
  electric and magnetic field topology, heat flows
  and small-scale interactions. Wave activity
  detected at low orbiting satellites can be also
  forced as a consequence of thunderstorm
  earthquake and volcanic activity. On the another
  hand wave particle interaction in the radiation
  belts region can be a sources of different type
  space plasma instabilities and in consequence can
  drive the changes of observed plasma particles
  energetic spectrum.
• The aim of this paper is to present the overview
  of different type of events and models related to
  the high frequency wave and high energy particle
  interaction gathered at the of low orbiting
  satellite in the radiation belts region. The
  presented examples of physical processes in the
  radiation belts plasma can have a significantly
  influence for global changes in Earth plasma
  environment and could be of consequence for Space
  Weather modelling and services.

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• HF wave interaction with energetic electrons

• Electromagnetic pollution at top-side ionosphere-
  H. Rothkaehl 2003,2005
• Broad band emissions inside the ionospheric
  trough H. Rothkaehl,1997 ,Grigoryan 2003
• Whistler- gamma rays interaction related to the
  Earthquake, Rothkaehl, Kudela, Bucik 2005.

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The symbol marked the positions of radiations
belts positions
The global distribution over Europe of mean value
of the electromagnetic emission in the ionosphere
in the frequency range 0.1-15 MHz on 30.03.1994
during strong geomagnetic disturbances, recorded
by SORS-1 instrument on board the Coronas I
satellite.
The ACTIVE satellite electron data obtained in
April 1990 The energy of electrons is E44.2-69.9
keV.
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THE EXAMPLE OF ELECTRON FLUX REGISTRATION AT
MIDDLE LATITUDES IN DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS,
Grigoryan 2003)
The electron fluxes under the inner radiation
belt observed in different experiments since
1980th. Previous experiments MIR station (see
Grachev et al. (2002), SPRUT-VI experiment,
altitude H 350-400 km, electron energies
Ee0.3-1.0 MeV,), CORONAS-I satellite (see
Kuznetsov et al (2002), altitude H500 km,
electron energies Eegt500 keV), OHZORA
satellite (see Nagata et al. (1988), altitude
H350-850 km, electron energies Ee190-3200 keV)
revealed the existence of electron fluxes at
L1.2-1.8 (see Figure 1, panels A, B and C
correspondingly).
We analyzed electron flux data obtained from
Active satellite. Electron flux enhancement
under the inner radiation belt at L1.2-1.8 is
evident (see fig 1 and 2).
Fig 2
Fig 1
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THE DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRON FLUX DISTRIBUTIONS ON
LEVEL OF GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY (see figure 4)
AND MAGNETIC LOCAL TIME (see figure 5) DAY
0600 2100 MLT NIGHT 21000000-0600
MLT Grigoryan 2003

• The observed dependences permit us to make the
  next conclusions
• ? the electron distribution depends on
  geomagnetic activity. The precipitation zones
  shift to larger longitudes both in north and
  south hemispheres during the disturbed periods of
  geomagnetic activity
• northern zone of electron precipitation exists
  mainly at night hours than at day hours
• ? southern zone of electron precipitation shifts
  to larger longitudes at day hours, the
  latitudinal width of southern zone decreases at
  day hours

Fig 4
Fig 5
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Human activity can perturb Earth's environment.

• The Earth ionosphere undergoes various man-made
  influences broadcasting transmitters, power
  station, power line and heavy industrial.
• The observed broad band emissions are
  superposition of natural plasma emissions and
  man-made noises.
• Pumping the electromagnetic waves from ground to
  the ionosphere and penetration of energetic
  particles from radiation belts can in consequence
  disturb top-side ionosphere. The scattering of
  super-thermal electrons on ion-acoustic or
  Langmuir turbulence is proposed as a mechanism of
  generation broad-band HF emissions.

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The emissions coefficients for scattering of
subthermal electron on the Langmuir jlk,? and
ion-acoustic jsk,? turbulence for different ratio
k vector for Te8000 K, Ti1200 K , ?pe1.3MHz
neo0.1ne.
The ratio of emissions coefficients S ,for
scattering of subthermal electron on Langmuir and
ion-acoustic turbulence for different ratio of Te
to Ti for ionospheric plasma of ?pe1.3MHz.
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IONOSPHERIC TROUGH
Instantaneous map of foF2 (x10 MHz) for 10 May
1992 at 22 UT with Kp7 given by the model and
HF waves diagnostics data gathered on the board
of APEX satellite.
Active observation of electron flux (energies
44.2-69.9 keV).
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Trough-plasmopause region
Proposed mechanism ion-acoustic wave on the
magnetic equator, energetization of
electron at low altitude broad
band HF emissions

• MAGION 3

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HF whistler- gamma rays interaction
Global distribution of HF emission in the
ionosphere in eastern hemisphere in the
frequency range 0.1-2. MHz. The spectral
intensity was integrated at times night
31.03.1994 during quiet condition and recorded by
SORS instrument on board the CORONAS-I
satellite. H. Rothkaehl 2005
The map of gamma rays fluxes in the energy range
0.12-0.32 MeV detected by SONG with a geometric
factor of 0.55 cm2sr and with an acceptance angle
of ? 30?, on CORONAS-I satellite during the
period from March 1994 through June 1994., K.
Kudela, R. Bucik 2002
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• Ionospheric response to seismic activity
• HF increasing of wave activity (whistler mode)
• Increase of local electron density over epicentre
• Wave-like change of electron density at F2
  layers, enhancements of Es
• Enhancement of gamma rays in 0.12-0.35 Mev
• More pronouns effect during quit geomagnetic
  condition

Parallel to the well-known effects related to the
seismic activity in the top side ionosphere such
as small-scale irregularities generated due to
acoustic waves (Hegai et.al. 1997), and
large-scale irregularities generated by anomalous
electric field (Pulinets at al 2000), the
modification of magnetic flux tube are also
common features (Kim and Hegai 1997, Pulinets at
al. 2002). So it seems that changes of the
magnetic flux tube topology correlated with
seismic activity can lead to the increase in the
precipitation of energetic electron fluxes and,
as a consequence, can yield excitation of the HF
whistler mode. , H.Rothkaehl 2005
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LIGHTNING INDUCED HARD X-RAY FLUX ENHANCEMENTS
CORONAS-F OBSERVATIONS, Bucik 2005.
VLF emissions triggered by lightning whistlers
X rays enhanced emissions 30 - 500 keV