NOAA Coastal CO2 Measurements

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NOAA Coastal CO2 Measurements Synthesis
North American
Carbon Program

• Christopher Sabine, Richard Feely, Simone Alin,
  Rik Wanninkhof, and many others

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Global Carbon Budget for 2000-2005
Ocean Acidification
Coastal Exchanges
Air-sea fluxes
Inventory changes
adapted from Sabine et al., 2004
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Coastal Cruises 2007 West Coast (MayJune)
Gulf/East Coast (JulyAugust)

• 111 stations on 13 transects on West Coast cruise
  and 90 stations on 9 transects on Gulf of Mexico
  and East Coast Carbon cruise
• Depth profile measurements include temperature,
  salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity,
  nutrients, oxygen, organic carbon, oxygen
  isotopes, and more...

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General Oceanics 8050 pCO2 System
Design/development by Rik Wanninkhof, Dick Feely,
Craig Neill, and others
The Basics

• Daily satellite data transmission.
• Can be outfitted with sensors for DO, pH, chl a,
  NO3, etc.

• LI-COR 7000 NDIR detector to measure air and
  water CO2.
• Series of gas standards traceable to WMO
  standards.

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NOAA Coastal Underway pCO2 Systems
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PMEL Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2) system
initial design from the MBARI drifters of Gernot
Friedrich and Francisco Chavez
The Basics

• Self-contained modular unit designed to fit a
  range of buoys.
• Daily satellite data transmission.

• LI-COR 820 NDIR detector to measure air and
  water CO2.
• Gas calibration traceable to WMO standards.

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Average annual pCO2 cycle at coastal moorings
(20062008)
Sabine et al. (in prep.)
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Linkages with other coastal issues processes
Land-use
Hypoxia
Acidification
Sources Hales et al. (2006), Doney et al.
(2007), Donner Kucharik (2008)
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pCO2 variability in a Hawaiian Coral Reef
Work conducted in collaboration with
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Carbon System Data from Jorge Corredor (UPRM)
CO2 variability in a Caribbean Coral Reef
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Federal Ocean Acidification Research and
Monitoring Act of 2009
Purposes- The purposes of this subtitle are to
provide for-- (1) development and coordination of
a comprehensive interagency plan to-- (A) monitor
and conduct research on the processes and
consequences of ocean acidification on marine
organisms and ecosystems and (B) establish an
interagency research and monitoring program on
ocean acidification (2) establishment of an
ocean acidification program within the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (3)
assessment and consideration of regional and
national ecosystem and socioeconomic impacts of
increased ocean acidification and (4) research
adaptation strategies and techniques for
effectively conserving marine ecosystems as they
cope with increased ocean acidification.
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Global Ocean Acidification Monitoring Sites
in Coral Reefs and Open Ocean Regions
Potential ocean acidification monitoring sites in
open-ocean and coastal regions, and potential
coral reef ocean acidification monitoring sites
for time series measurements and process studies.
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NOAAs Preliminary Plans for a Coastal Ocean
Acidification Monitoring Network
AOOS
NERACOOS
NAOOS
MACOORA
CenCOOS
SECOORA
SCCOOS
CaRA
GCOOS
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Opportunities for Collaboration with IOOS

• Design and implement a coastal observing
  program, that includes carbon, utilizing a
  variety of platforms
• Work together to develop coastal modeling
  efforts that include biogeochemical interactions.
• Coordinate data management activities
• Collaborate on methods evaluations and
  establishing standardized best practices
• Collaboration on data interpretation.

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Thank you for your time!
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Theme 1 Monitoring Ocean Acidification
Chemical and Physical Monitoring
Biological Monitoring
Oarag 1
National Marine Sanctuary Sentinel Sites
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Theme 2 Biogeochemical Models and Experiments
Down-scale global models for local predictions
Experiments on ocean carbon cycle
Hind Casts of historical carbon chemistry
Puget Sound chemistry
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Theme 3 Assessing Species Response

• Priority Species
• Ecological importance
• Economic importance
• Vulnerability
• Feasibility

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Theme 4 Forecasting Ecosystem Response
Atlantis
Species Life-cycle Analysis Modules (SLAM)
Baseline
English Sole Landings
Acidification
EcoPath with EcoSim)
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Theme 5 Human Dimensions
Decision Support System
Ecosystem Services
Crabs 143 million Bivalves 115 million
e.g. SMAST Fisheries Decision Support System
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Theme 6 Education and Outreach
Education
National Marine Sanctuaries
Museums Aquaria
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First ocean acidification mooring in the Gulf of
Alaska at Station Papa
Preliminary results show a clear seasonal trend
in pH and a strong correlation with pCO2
Note pH scale is reversed
Collaborative ocean acidification observing
system on the U.S. west coast with support from
international, federal and state agencies.
Depends on a highly coordinated NOAA observations
and modeling effort.
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Moored pCO2 Program
C.L. Sabine (PMEL), F. Chavez (MBARI), S. Maenner
(PMEL), S. Musielewicz (PMEL) and G. Friederich
(MBARI)
Goal
To evaluate the temporal variability in air-sea
CO2 fluxes by conducting high resolution
time-series measurements of atmospheric boundary
layer and surface ocean pCO2.
Approach
Develop an inexpensive, robust, accurate pCO2
system that can be deployed on a variety of
mooring and drifter configurations for up to a
year at a time.
Achievements
We are at nearly 20 of array design with 5
systems on TAO array, 3 in the North Pacific
(including Papa) and 1 in the South Pacific.
http//www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/moorings
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Planned West Coast CO2 Observational Network