in Italy and in the U.S.

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in Italy and in the U.S.

• IMMIGRATION

• Group members
• Isabella, Svjetlana

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• TABLE OF CONTENTS
• IMMIGRATION ITALY VS. U.S.A.
• Introduction
• Immigration in history
• Numbers Italy
• Legislation Italy
• Numbers U.S.A.
• Legislation U.S.A.
• ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION
• Some data Italy
• Some data United States
• Causes Italy and U.S.A.
• Methods
• Border-crossing Italy
• Border-crossing United States
• Impact on the society Italy
• Impact on the society United States

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INTRODUCTION

• What is immigration?
• The term immigration refers to the movement of
  people from one nation-state to another.
• Immigration implies long-term permanent
  residence tourists and short-term visitors are
  not considered immigrants.

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Immigration in history

• Italy country
• of emigrants
• Italian immigrants at Ellis Island 1902
• U.S. country
• of immigrants
• "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled
• masses yearning to breathe free."

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NUMBERSItaly

• Immigrants in Italy 2,670,514 in 2006
• Age many minors
• Nationalities there are 15 foreigner
  communities
• Distribution over the Country not homogeneus

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NUMBERSUnited States

• The Foreign Born 36 million in 2006
• Gender there is a majority of women
• Nationalities more than 50 foreign communities.
  Over 8 million Mexicans (23.7)
• Distribution over the Country not homogeneus

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LEGISLATIONItaly

• Legge Bossi-Fini
• Residence Permit
• Irregulars
• Clandestines
• Legge Prodi-Bossi

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LEGISLATIONUnited States

• Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of 1952
• Aliens
• Visas
• US Patriot Act 2001
• Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform
  Act of 2002

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ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION

• What is illegal immigration?
• migration across national borders, violating the
  immigration laws of the destination country

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SOME DATA Italy

• most illegal immigrants are from Africa, Asia
  and Balkans
• illegal immigrants usually move to the
  Center-South regions of the country
• illegal immigrants working areas agriculture,
  fishing, construction

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SOME DATA United States

• "unauthorized migrants" living in the US today
  are between 12 and 20 million
• most illegal immigrants are of Latin America
  origins (Mexicans 57, Central and South American
  24)
• various jobs low wages

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CAUSES Italy and U.S.A.

• War and Repression
• Natural Diseases
• Economic Reasons
• Personal Reasons
• Family reunion
• Achievement of the pension
• Criminal reasons
• Prostitution and Slavery

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METHODS

• Overstays
• - violation of the visa
• - burocratic problems
• 2. Term of entry
• - tourists if they take a job
• - student visa not studying/ not
  living the country after
• 3. Border-crossing
• - crossing the borders illegally

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BORDER-CROSSING Italy

• the case of scafisti of the Mediterranean Sea
• viaggi della speranza
• le carrette del mare
• Sicily and Lampedusa
• contacts with criminals and police
• dangers

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BORDER-CROSSING United States

• The case of coyotes
• areas U.S.-Mexico border, the Strait of
  Gibraltar, Fuerteventura and the Strait of
  Otranto
• dangers of this method

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IMPACT ON THE SOCIETY Italy

• the issue of criminality in Italy
• illegal job market
• the phenomenon of svalutazione sociale
• Peoples reactions
• - immigrants steal our jobs
• - racism, xenophobia

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IMPACT ON THE SOCIETY United States

• The issue of gangs and criminality in America
  MS-13
• Peoples reaction
• - immigrants take jobs and housing
• - immigrants create strains on the healthcare
  system
• - the cultural impact