Plant Diversity I

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Chapter 29

• Plant Diversity I

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Early Plants Adapted to Land

• Early plants had offspring that attached to the
  mother plant.
• Relied on water to disperse sperm.
• Remained in the shade because they lacked a tough
  cuticle.
• No vascular tissues.

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Adaptations to Land by Algae

• Apical meristems
• Multicellular dependent embryos
• Alteration of generations
• Walled spores produced in sporangia
• Multicellular gametangia
• Cuticle
• Xylem and phloem

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Alteration of Generations
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Phylum BryophytaThe Mosses

• Herbaceous
• Gametophyte is the dominant generation
• Must remain in the shade
• Rely on water to disperse sperm
• Smallest and simplest sporophytes
• No roots

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Sphagnum Peat
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Origin of Vascular Plants

• Evolved over 400 million years ago
• Contain xylem and phloem
• Dominant sporophyte generation
• More simple ones are seedless

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Phylum PterophytaThe Ferns

• Have true roots
• Have true leaves
• Have vascular tissues
• Lack seeds
• Sporophyte dominant generation
• 12,000 species
• Sperm swim to archegonia
• Formed coal forests 290 360 mya

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Sori
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