CUTNFILL

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CUT-N-FILL
Mr. Conrado Agm 230
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Land Leveling

• The surveyor is often confronted with the problem
  of leveling land to a specific grade.
• The goal is to accomplish this with a minimum of
  data calculation and earth movement.

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Land Leveling

• Often necessary in
• Flood irrigation
• Furrow irrigation
• Sub-divisions
• Streets and sidewalks

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Step 1- Gathering Data

• Large area
• Set a series of benchmarks in project area. This
  will ensure consistency and efficiency.
• 2. When setting benchmarks use a closed course to
  increase accuracy.
• 3. Grid the project area just as in contour
  mapping.

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Ground Elevation

• Determining ground elevation at each station
• Take a rod reading at each station.
• Determine station elevation by subtracting rod
  reading from height of instrument.

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Determining Scope

• The slope depends on the type of soil and water
  movement type.
• AG CO-OP Extension Service
• National Engineering Handbook
• For example
• For furrow irrigation the National Engineering
  Handbook states a slope of .27-.4
• For light soil a .4 slope is used (or .4 feet
  for ever 100 feet of field).

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Average Elevation

• Now to calculate the average elevation sum all
  of the elevations and divide by the number of
  elevations taken.
• ie 90/16 5.6feet
• The average elevation is placed at the center of
  the map.

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Grade Elevation

• Station interval 100
• Distance from center station to station B2 is 50
  North- 50 West
• We add .2 to the 5.6 elevation of the center
  station to determine the grade elevation of
  station B2 (5.8)
• Stations West of center, the slope per 100 will
  be added to the elevation and subtracted from
  stations east of center.

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Cut-n-Fills

• Once station grades are determined then cuts and
  fills can be determined.
• Subtract the grade and elevation at each station.
• If the elevation is larger than the grade then
  the value is a cut.
• If the elevation is less than grade the value is
  a fill.
• Enter all figures on survey map.

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Stakes

• Rod reading, elevation, grade elevation, and
  cut-n-fill is marked at each station.

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Balance Check

• Used to ensure the cuts are enough to cover the
  fills.
• At Cut-Fill ration should fall between 1.2-1.6
• Sum all cuts and fills
• Cuts 2,2,3,.1,.2,.1,.1,.2,.21.6
• Fills .4,.1,.4,.31.2
• Ratio 1.6/1.21.3 - check

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Cubic Yardage

• Grid size is 100 X 100
• Fill ratio is 1.33ft
• 1.33ft x 100ft x 100ft
• 27 yrds/ft³
• 492.6 yd³