Agenda

1
Agenda

• Opening Remarks M. Cleave
• Program Overview J. Kaye
• Earth Science Applications R. Birk
• Science Research and Products for CCRI
• Carbon, Ecosystem, Land Cover/Use Sciences
  D. Wickland
• Water Cycle J. Entin
• Climate Variability W. Abdalati
• Atmospheric Composition P. DeCola
• Computational Earth System Modeling R. Rood
• Summary J. Kaye

2
Science Questions from the Research Strategy
Variability
Forcing
Response
Consequence
Prediction
Precipitation, evaporation cycling of water
changing?
Atmospheric constituents solar radiation on
climate?
Clouds surface hydrological processes on
climate?
Weather variation related to climate variation?
Weather forecasting improvement?
Global ocean circulation varying?
Changes in land cover land use?
Consequences in land cover land use?
Transient climate variations?
Ecosystem responses affects on global carbon
cycle?
Surface transformation?
Changes in global ocean circulation?
Coastal region change?
Trends in long-term climate?
Global ecosystems changing?
Stratospheric ozone changing?
Stratospheric trace constituent responses?
Future atmospheric chemical impacts?
Ice cover mass changing?
Sea level affected by climate change?
Future concentrations of carbon dioxide and
methane?
Motions of Earth interior processes?
Pollution effects?
Terrestrial Marine Ecosystems Carbon
Land Cover
and Land Use Change
3
ESE National Applications
Carbon Management
Aviation Safety
Energy Forecasting
Public Health
Water Management
Disaster Preparedness
Coastal Management
Homeland Security
Agricultural Competitiveness
Air Quality
Community Growth
Invasive Species
Draw upon carbon, ecosystems, and land use/cover
science
4
Research Challenges

• Closing the global carbon budget
• - locating and/or partitioning the N. Hemisphere
  terrestrial carbon sink and understanding its
  interannual variability - determining the
  size, function, and controls on the S. Ocean
  sink - clarifying tropical land use change
  source/sink dynamics and trends
• Understanding the effects of multiple stresses
  on terrestrial and marine ecosystems
• - evaluating the combined effects of multiple,
  interacting influences - characterizing
  quantifying their feedbacks to the climate
  system - developing the capability to effectively
  model them
• Using global, multi-year satellite data in
  cooperative partnerships with national and
  international research programs

5
Research Challenges

• Developing remote sensing, spatial analysis, and
  information management tools to evaluate
  ecosystem management and mitigation options for
  responding to
• - climate change - threats to sustainable
  resource use and the productivity of agricultural
  systems and coastal fisheries - changes in
  or loss of habitat and reductions in
  biodiversity - non-indigenous species invasions
• Developing understanding of the combined human
  and natural causes of land cover/use changes and
  how they interact at regional and global scales
• Using global, multi-year satellite data in
  cooperative partnerships with national and
  international research programs

6
Challenges Analyzing Across Scales
100 - 10,000 kmPan-Amazonian Region
Satellites
1 - 100 kmStudy Areas
Airplanes
1 kmFlux Tower Sites
Towers
1 - 100 m Process Study PlotsValidation Sites
In situ platforms
LBA Scaling Strategy
Validation Sites Process Study Plots
7
Major Advances Thus Far

• Developing observational programs for climate
  quality information
• - ecosystems, primary productivity, and carbon
  (i.e., ocean color, vegetation index, land cover)
• - long-term monitoring of resources and near
  real-time applications
• (addressing accuracy, continuity/stability
  across sensors, transition to operational domain,
  and archiving)
• ? e.g., SIMBIOS (Sensor Intercomparison and
  Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary
  Oceanic Studies) 14-year time series of ocean
  color

8
Advances Five-Year Ocean Color Time Series
By monitoring the color of reflected light via
the SeaWiFS satellite, photosynthesis can be
estimated and monitored using ocean chlorophyll
models. It would take a ship steaming at 6
knots over 4,000 years to provide the same
coverage as a single one of these global SeaWiFS
images. (the terrestrial NDVI is provided here
for free)
9
Major Advances Thus Far

• Produced global, geo-registered Landsat data
  sets
• - for quantitative land cover analyses -
  as a basis for gauging future change (with USGS
  and commercial partners)
• ? e.g., quantified regional rates of tropical
  land cover change (with GOFC, Brazil, . . .)

19902
1973
20003
19741
A Village in the Yucatan Peninsula
1Landsat 1 (ERTS 1) MSS 2Landsat 5 TM 3Landsat 7
ETM
Images courtesy EarthSat Corportation
10
Major Advances Thus Far

• Developed and evaluated advanced ecological and
  biogeochemical cycling models that utilize remote
  sensing data, and employed them in recent
  assessments (with other USGCRP/Carbon Cycle IWG
  agencies)

• ? e.g., Vegetation / Ecosystem Modeling and
  Analysis Project (VEMAP) (sponsored by NASA,
  USFS, EPRI, NSF)
• effects of climate change CO2 change
• ecological model comparisons
• Used in National Assessment Climate Change
  Impacts on the United States

Net carbon storage for U.S. bioclimatic regions
3 models mean graphed
11
Major Advances Thus Far

• Developed new fire data products from Terra MODIS
• - prototyped research products for near
  real-time production
• - transitioned capability to USDA forest fire
  managers

• Outreach to Land/Fire Managers
• Involve the user community in definition,
  evaluation, validation
• Transfer tested methods to operational domain
  through partnerships
• - USFS Remote Sensing Applications Center
• - International cooperation/collaboration
• Web-based, easy access to information

• Research Areas
• Active Fire Locations (near real-time)
• Burned Area Estimation (extent and frequency of
  burning)

12
Major Advances Web Fire Maps

• Example
• Wildfires in California
• MODIS active fire detections superimposed with
  USFS park boundaries, hydrology, roads.
• User can query for fire detection attribute
  information.

13
Major Advances Thus Far

• Used the major seasonal and interannual
  variations in terrestrial productivity documented
  through satellite data analysis
• - to show a world-wide trend of increasing
  length of the growing season above 40o N latitude
• - in analyzing ENSO effects on land
• - for famine early warning in Africa (with
  USAID)
• - for agricultural planning
• ? e.g., the GreenReport?

AVHRR SeaWiFS
14
Major Advances
The GreenReport
GreenReport
Description The uses
satellite imagery to monitor crops and natural
vegetation for the United States on a weekly
basis.

• Areas of Research and Product Development
• Crop acreage, production, and yield modeling
• Crop progress and condition monitoring
• Grassland productivity and condition monitoring

• Strategic Importance
• Less expensive solutions for regional management
• Decreased risk for agricultural businesses

A commercial product that provides agri-business
and natural resource managers timely and
continuous information regarding crop/vegetation
progress, relative condition, and state of
development

• Anticipated benefit
• Improved planning for crop transportation and
  storage
• Drought severity assessment and mitigation
  planning
• Crop yield assessment for market planning

• Project Schedule
• Commercialized improvements ongoing

Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (KARS) Program
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
15
Interagency Linkages
USDA Forest fire management
Agricultural forest managemt. Ecological
Forecasting Multiple factor experiments
Carbon Sequestration NOAA
Meteorological,ocean, land obs. Atm. CO2
flask/tall tower network Air-sea CO2
exchange studies Ship-based ocean surveys
Integrated modeling NSF Fundamental
research Ocean field campaigns
Process studies NCAR, NCEAS, LTER
Ecol. Modeling Forecasting USAID Famine
Early Warning
USGS Landsat data data products
Topography land cover maps Invasive
species management Ecological
Forecasting DOE AmeriFlux process
studies Carbon databases (CDIAC)
Multiple factor manipulative experiments
(e.g., FACE) Carbon sequestration
Ecosystem carbon modeling ONR Ocean field
campaigns Coastal studies EPA
Ecological Forecasting Smithsonian Institution
Ecological Forecasting Land use change
biodiversity
16
Major Contributions to Come

• Carbon
• Identification, quantification, and analysis of
  seasonal and interannual variations in state of
  global carbon sources and sinks (using satellite
  time series data with national and international
  inventory data with DOE, USDA, NSF, NOAA, USGS)
• - North American Carbon Program to better
  quantify and understand the carbon balance of N.
  America and its coastal oceans (NASA
  contribution remote sensing modeling) (lt 5
  years)
• - Southern Ocean Carbon Program to better
  quantify and understand the carbon balance of the
  S. Ocean (5-10 years)
• - CO2 sources and sinks quantified regionally
  through new space-based measurements (5 years)
  technology development to measure profiles and
  increase horizontal resolution (10 years)
• ? e.g., improved resolution with new atmospheric
  CO2 measurements

17
Contributions Carbon Cycle Constraints from
Surface Measurements

• The current in-situ network provides monthly
  sources and sinks only on continental scales

18
Contributions CO2 from Space

• Orbital CO2 data will enable global source/sink
  estimates at regional to sub-regional scales
• Precision of flux estimates will be comparable to
  flux towers, but regionally representative and
  roughly a factor of 5 better than currently
  possible

Monthly CO2 uptake/release rates will be
estimated over hundreds, not thousands, of km
color scale white (low) to red (high)
19
Major Contributions to Come

• Carbon
• Development and demonstration of decision support
  tools for monitoring and managing carbon in
  ecosystems
• - Regional estimation (i.e., N. America) of
  carbon storage in biomass (5 years)
  regional/global biomass monitoring (10 years)
• - Assessment of carbon sequestration projects
  (5-10 years with USDA, DOE)
• ? e.g., NASA plan for Carbon Management
  decision support

20
Contributions Carbon Management

• MODELS
• Carbon assimilation in above and below ground
  biomass
• Assessment of carbon sink strength
• Soil moisture
• Land-atmosphere carbon exchange

DECISION SUPPORT

• VALUE
• BENEFITS
• Climate change mitigation
• Improved efficiency in energy production
• Improved efficiency in
• crop production through
• enhancements in soil carbon
• Improved economy in marginal rural agricultural
  areas

• Information Products, Predictions, and Data from
  NASA ESE
• Missions and Models
• - Land cover condition and change
• Volume of above ground biomass
• Forest condition
• Soil moisture
• Agricultural production and yield - CO2
  concentration in the troposphere

Soil carbon sequestration Forest
management Crop planning and rotation
Irrigation control Atmospheric
pollution monitoring prediction Energy
production (burning of fossil fuels) Climate
and weather prediction
Data

• ESE MISSIONS
• Aqua
• Terra
• Landsat 7
• LDCM
• NPP/VIIRS
• EO-1
• OCO
• NPOESS

21
Major Contributions to Come

• Carbon
• Improved carbon cycle models based on
• - global, remote sensing-derived map inputs
  customized for carbon
• ? tropical models with updated spatial data
  inputs (lt 5 years)
• ? models optimized for North America (5 years)
• - incorporation of new process understanding
• ? tropical ecosystem and carbon models with
  major improvements in mechanistic process
  controls (lt 5 years)
• - carbon data assimilation (5 years)
• - interactive coupling among land, ocean, and
  atmospheric carbon models driven by remote
  sensing data (5-10 years)
• (with other USGCRP/Carbon Cycle IWG agencies and
  international partnerships under the
  IGBP/IHDP/WCRP Global Carbon Project)

22
Major Contributions to Come

• Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems
• Identification / characterization of plant
  species functional groups physiological state
• - quantifying habitat fragmentation and
  degradation in biodiversity hot spots (5
  years)
• - tracking spread of invasive species that have
  unique spectra or temporal dynamics (lt 5 years)
• - detecting (lt 5 years) and quantifying (5-10
  years) stress in managed and unmanaged ecosystems
  (for enhanced agricultural competitiveness
  assessments of ecosystem resilience/vulnerability
  )
• - identifying algal blooms (lt 5 years),
  biological carbon sequestration (5-10 years), and
  feedbacks to climate (5-10 years)

CC
XXXX
23
Major Contributions to Come

• Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems
• Demonstration of decision support systems for
  monitoring and mitigation of non-indigenous
  species invasions (assessment of potential areas
  in the U.S. for biological invasions 5 years)
• Ecological Forecasts of the effects of multiple
  stresses on ecosystems from advanced, interactive
  remote sensing-driven models (with NSF, NOAA,
  DOI, USDA, EPA, Smithsonian)
• - Predictions of ecosystem responses to
  real-world combinations of climate change, land
  cover/use change, pollution, CO2 fertilization,
  etc. (5 years)
• - Forecasts of harmful algal blooms (5 years)
  and potential for invasive species outbreaks and
  spread (10 years)

24
Contributions Predicting Algal Blooms
Problem How to predict future occurrence of key
phytoplankton species involved in carbon export
to the deep ocean
Map time/space patterns of coccolithophorid
blooms using in-situ observations and SeaWiFS
data
D. Igesias-Rodriguez et al., in press Global
Biogeochemical Cycles
25
Contributions Predictions of Impacts
Present
Model impact of future warming and increased
ocean stratification (based on coupled climate
model output) on blooms Result Fewer
coccolithophorid blooms under future climate
resulting in less calcification, less carbon
export to the deep ocean, and negative feedback
on atmospheric CO2
Future (2060-2070)
26
Major Contributions to Come

• Land Cover and Land Use Change
• Repeated inventories quantifying land cover
  change globally (using Landsat time series and
  complete global mosaics now being assembled for
  early 1970s, mid 1980s, early 1990s, and year
  2000 with USGS and commercial partners)
• - Analyses of change for small regions between
  early 1990s and 2000 (continuing) North America
  (lt 5 years)
• - Global, wall-to-wall analysis of land cover
  change (5-10 years)

27
Contributions Regional Quantification

• Land Cover Change in the Southeastern U.S.
  (1973-2000)
• Rate of change in each ecoregion is quantified
  (line chart)
• Primary land cover transformations in each
  ecoregion are quantified (pie charts)

Courtesy of T. Loveland (sponsored by USGS, NASA,
EPA)
28
Major Contributions to Come

• Land Cover and Land Use Change
• Characterization of the causes of land cover and
  land use change at regional and global scales
• - trajectories of regional change and inferences
  of cause based on spatial/temporal patterns in
  remotely sensed data (5 years)
• - predictive models merging socioeconomic and
  natural system forcings of land cover and land
  use change (10 years)
• Characterization and quantification of the
  effects of land cover and land use change on
  ecosystem carbon sources and sinks and water
  resources
• - role of land use change in the tropics (lt 5
  years) (with USDA, NSF, Smithsonian, Brazil, and
  other nations)
• - the role of fire in boreal ecosystems (lt 5
  years) (with USDA, Russia, Canada, and other
  nations)

29
Products for Decision-Makers

• For Assessments
• Validated, synoptic global data products that
  quantify
• - productivity of and carbon storage in
  ecosystems
• - ecosystem responses/feedbacks to climate
  change
• - changes in land cover type and extent
• Improved, realistic carbon source/sink and
  ecosystem response scenarios (from improved
  models)

30
Products for Decision-Makers

• For Carbon Management
• Measurements / estimates of carbon storage,
  especially sequestration in biomass, soils, and
  the coastal zone (for assessment of sequestration
  projects, carbon accounting, and/or carbon
  credits)
• Global measurements of atmospheric CO2 for use in
  locating and quantifying regional carbon sources
  and sinks (for carbon accounting, verification of
  national/regional estimates produced using
  inventory-based approaches)
• Decision support tools for managing carbon uptake
  and release by ecosystems in the context of
  multiple uses/benefits and best practices

31
Products for Decision-Makers

• For Resource Management
• Monitoring, modeling, and decision support tools
  to
• - inform crop planning and rotation and
  fisheries management
• - assess and mitigate the effects of invasive
  species
• - assess the effects of land cover and land use
  change for regional, urban, and coastal zone
  planning
• - manage active fires and assess post-fire
  consequences and recovery processes
• - assess economic and public health risks
  associated with changes in terrestrial and marine
  ecosystems

32
Products for Decision-Makers
For Predictions of Future Change and
Consequences

• Realistic projections of trajectories of change
  and future consequences (derived from improved
  models with mechanistic processes and driven by
  remote sensing data)
• Estimates of future atmospheric CO2 and CH4
  concentrations
• Trajectories of future land cover/use change
• Forecasts of the initiation, path, landfall, and
  evolution of harmful algal blooms
• Forecasting systems for potential outbreak and
  spread of non-indigenous invasive species

33
Fulfilling CCRI Program Goals

• Enhance the science base
• - Greenhouse gas concentrations interannual
  variability in state of carbon sources and sinks,
  space-based measurements of atmospheric CO2,
  improved inversion models
• - Global carbon cycle field programs (i.e.,
  LBA, NACP and S. Ocean) and models to reduce
  uncertainties, estimate carbon storage, and
  quantify carbon balance
• - Modeling on global and regional scales
  improved ecosystem/ carbon models interactive
  with atmospheric and oceanic models
• - Ecosystem-climate interactions ENSO effects
  on productivity changes in growing season
  interactive coupling of ecosystem-climate models,
  with ecosystem feedbacks to the climate system
• - Feedbacks in climate sensitivity effects of
  changes in tropical land use, boreal forest
  fires, and marine algal blooms on carbon and
  climate

34
Fulfilling CCRI Program Goals

• Enhance observing monitoring systems
• - Climate quality observations time series
  of ocean color, vegetation indices, and land
  cover in transition to operational
• - New observations atmospheric CO2, species
  functional groups, plant physiological state,
  above-ground biomass planned
• - Value added to existing systems carbon data
  assimilation, global land cover change,
  calibration/validation of data products
• Improve decision support tools
• - Tools for assessments satellite data
  products, improved model scenarios
• - Timely/convenient prediction tools models
  for forecasting the effects of multiple stresses
  models and decision support tools for managing
  carbon in ecosystems, including sequestration
• - Coupled societal-ecosystem responses
  decision support systems for resource, carbon,
  and invasive species management

35
Fulfilling CCRI Program Goals

• Enhance exploratory research
• - New global observing techniques develop
  technologies for high-resolution, vertical
  profiles of atmospheric CO2 develop new
  approaches for plant species functional groups,
  physiological state, and biomass
• - Novel approaches to strengthen analyses
  explore new uses of data from existing satellite
  systems explore new modeling approaches

36
Agenda

• Opening Remarks M. Cleave
• Program Overview J. Kaye
• Earth Science Applications R. Birk
• Science Research and Products for CCRI
• Carbon, Ecosystem, Land Cover/Use Sciences
  D. Wickland
• Water Cycle J. Entin
• Climate Variability W. Abdalati
• Atmospheric Composition P. DeCola
• Computational Earth System Modeling R. Rood
• Summary J. Kaye

37
BACK-UP

• XX

38
Interagency Linkages

• NASA currently co-chairing USGCRP Carbon Cycle
  Interagency Working Group (CCIWG) ? Wickland
• NASA participating in USGCRP Interagency Working
  Groups for Ecosystems and Land Cover and Land Use
  
• NASA participating in Subcommittee on Ecological
  Systems (CENR)
• USDA-NASA working group on decision support
  systems for carbon, invasive species, and
  agricultural productivity

39
Predicting future atmospheric concentrations of
carbon dioxide
and methane
First global models quantifying sub-regional
sources sinks and carbon flux to the deep
ocean.
Draft
Models with global balance and reduced
uncertainties in ocean fluxes and terrestrial
re-growth, capable of quantifying inter-annual
variability
Southern Ocean Carbon Program
First models producing regionally resolved,
global estimates of carbon sources and sinks and
quantifying the impacts of land cover change
Goal Predictive models with well-quantified
sub-regional sources sinks and realistic
year-to-year variability
Models with N. Hemisphere sources sink(s)
located and well-quantified, and portraying
processes controlling inter-annual variability
N. American Carbon Program and related
international results incorporated into models
(w/ C data assimilation).
Knowledge Base
Potential for continental-scale identification
and location of CO2 sources sinks using
inverse models
Exploratory studies to extract atmospheric CO2
from existing satellite sensors
More realistic models with reduced land cover
errors
EOS global land cover observations Carbon data
assimilation
Steady, evolutionary improvement in model
coupling, process characterization, quality of
atmospheric transport, and inverse modeling
Systematic observations of vegetation index,
ocean color, and land cover and supporting
climate observations
40
Toward a Carbon Management Regime
Global Atmospheric CO2
Field-level assessment of carbon storage and
atmospheric flux
Draft
Capability to assess and predict sink duration
(ie. credit longevity) for different land uses
Next Global land cover and change products
Enables modeling of soil carbon storage as a
function of soil fertility and vegetative
processes
Soil Surface Moisture Measurement
Capability for regional identification of carbon
sources/sinks / Potential to reduce frequency of
costly in situ measurements
Atmospheric CO2 sampled globally. First global
land cover change data product
An operational decision support system for
quantification and verification of soil carbon
sequestration
N. American Carbon Program and related
international results incorporated into models
(w/ C data assimilation).
Regional monitoring of carbon storage in biomass
and soils Regional assessment
of candidates for carbon sequestration projects
Socioeconomic Impact
Exploratory studies to extract atmospheric CO2
from existing satellite sensors coupled
atmospheric-terrestrial model
Assessment of carbon sink strength at continental
scale Capability to discriminate between land
and atmospheric carbon fluxes
Current trajectory
Baseline information and dynamics of terrestrial
carbon sources and sinks
EOS global land cover observations Carbon data
model assimilation
Steady improvement in model coupling, process
characterization, assessment of carbon sources
and sinks
Prototype Carbon DSS
LCDM
OCO
Aqua
NPP/VIIRS
NPOESS
Landsat 7
Terra
2006
2000
2010
2002
2008
2004
41
Major Advances Thus Far

• Identified geographic regions where the missing
  carbon sink is most likely to be found and where
  carbon source/sink sizes and controlling
  processes are most uncertain (with USGCRP IGBP
  partners using models and isotopes)

42
Challenges Continental Scale to . . .
Wet Season
Dry Season
MODIS Composites of Amazonia
43
Challenges Regional-Local Scale to . . .
Landsat Images of Santa Cruz, Bolivia
1988
1984
1994
1998
44
Challenges . . . Site Scale
45
SeaWiFS
Landsat
Terra
Aqua
DC-8
Aura
Satellite
Observations
Airborne Observations
Coastal (bio-optics, cal/val)
P3
NASAs Role In the NACP
EC
Calibration Validation
(cal/val)

X X X X X X X
FLASKS
Satellite Data Assimilation Carbon Cycle Modeling
FLUX TOWER
46
Major Advances
The GreenReport
GreenReport
Description The uses
satellite imagery to monitor crops and natural
vegetation for the United States on a weekly
basis.

• Areas of Research and Product Development
• Crop acreage, production, and yield modeling
• Crop progress and condition monitoring
• Assessment of drought and freeze impacts
• Grassland productivity and condition monitoring

• Strategic Importance
• Less expensive solutions for regional management
• Decreased risk for agricultural businesses
• Improved knowledge of geographic distribution of
• available resources
• Enhanced understanding of the effects of
  environmental change

A commercial product that provides agri-business
and natural resource managers timely and
continuous information regarding crop/vegetation
progress, relative condition, and state of
development

• Anticipated benefit
• Improved planning for crop transportation and
  storage
• Drought severity assessment and mitigation
  planning
• Crop yield assessment for market planning
• Identify forest areas most prone to fire

Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (KARS) Program

• Project Schedule
• Commercialization efforts ongoing

University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
47
Major Advances Blue Complex Fire16 August 2001
Oregon
California
Nevada
Active Fire in RED Previously Burned in
YELLOW
48
Contributions Identification of Algal Blooms
Examples of algal blooms now identifiable using
satellite remote sensing new hyperspectral
sensors would enable additional functional groups
to be identified (e.g., nitrogen fixers)
Coccolithophorid blooms (white) from SeaWiFS,
1997-1999 ? Harmful algal blooms west of Florida
(SeaWiFS), April, 1998 ?
SeaWiFS Views Mysterious Black Water Blanketing
Florida Bay February 4, 2002
49
Relate to Environmental Variables
SST
Step 2 compare coccolithophorid bloom occurance
to environmental variables (SST, nutrients,
light, mixing depth, etc.)
Critical Irradiance (light and mixing)
50
Current Probability of A Bloom
SeaWiFS
Step 3 model bloom occurance as a conditional
probability function using current environmental
state variables
Model estimate (probability distribution)
51
Interagency Linkages Carbon
USDA Forest soil inventories
Agricultural forest managemt. Carbon
sequestration NOAA Meteorological
observations Ocean surface temperature
and land cover observations Atm. CO2
flask/tall tower network Weather models
(NCEP) Air-Sea CO2 exchange studies
Integrated carbon modeling Ship-based ocean
CO2 surveys DOE Fossil fuel emissions
AmeriFlux FACE and other CO2 expts.
Carbon databases (CDIAC) Carbon modeling
Carbon sequestration
USGS Landsat data data products
Topography land cover maps Stream gauge
network NASA Remote sensing satellite
time series (Landsat, SeaWiFS and EOS)
expt. airborne sensors Remote sensing
research Field campaigns--SAFARI, LBA
Ocean, land, atmosphere and coupled
carbon-climate modeling Data sets DISS
NASA co-chairs the CCIWG NSF
Fundamental Earth science research
Ocean field campaigns Process studies
NCAR, NCEAS, LTER
52
Interagency Linkages Ecosystems
USDA Forest fire management
Agricultural forest managemt. Ecological
Forecasting Multiple factor experiments
NOAA Meteorological observations
Ocean and land observations Weather models
(NCEP) Ship-based ocean surveys
Ecological Forecasting DOE AmeriFlux
process studies Multiple factor
manipulative experiments (e.g., FACE)
Ecosystem modeling Ecological
Forecasting USAID Famine Early Warning
Smithsonian Institution Ecological
Forecasting USGS Landsat data data
products Topography land cover maps
Invasive species management Ecological
Forecasting NSF Fundamental research
Ocean field campaigns Process studies
NCEAS, LTER Ecosystem Modeling
Ecological Forecasting ONR Ocean field
campaigns Coastal studies EPA
Ecological Forecasting
NASA Participation in (CENR) Subcommittee on
Ecological Systems
53
Interagency Linkages Land Cover/Use
USDA Forest fire management
Agricultural forest managemt. USGS
Landsat data data products Topography
land cover maps USAID
Smithsonian Institution Tropical land use
change NSF Fundamental research
Process studies Land cover/use modeling