Title: Pregnancy
1Pregnancy Human Development
2Fertilization Its all in the timing!
- Oocyte is only viable for 24 hours.
- Sperm is viable for 12 24 hours (some super
sperm may be viable for up to 72 so be careful!) - Therefore, usually, coitus must occur within a 24
hour window on either side of ovulation.
3Barriers to fertilization
- Low vaginal pH
- Getting lost (50/50 chance of getting the right
uterine tube) - Numerous defective sperm
- Uterine contractions
- Phagocytes
- By the time they get to the oocyte, there are
only a few dozen to a couple hundred
4Penetration
Secondaryoocyte
Head of sperm
1650X
5No Polyspermy!
6FertilizationFirst cleavage
7Whats this thing called, Love?
- Zygote a the single cell after fusion of the
pronuclei of the oocyte the sperm. - Conceptus covers the period of develop
following first cleavage and differentiation of
cells into an embryo. - Morula the conceptus as a solid ball of 16
cells (about day 3). - Blastocyst a hollow ball of cells, from day 4.
Hatching occurs at this stage, when the
blastocyst emerges from the zona pellucida.
8Development from zygote to implantation.
9Then what ?
- The blastocyst differentiates into
- the trophoblast, the outer ball of cells that
eventually becomes the placenta and
extraembryonic membranes. - the inner cell mass (ICM) becomes the embryo.
- The above occurs over the course of the second
week following conception. - Implantation occurs on about day 6 or so, as
the blastocyst burrows into the endometrium.
10Implantation Day 6
11Implantation Day 7
12Hormone levels in early pregnancy
13Placental hormones
14Implantation
15Placentation
16Fetus placenta 13 weeks
17Embryonic Development
Differentiation of the three primary germ layers
18Germ layer formation, Part II
19Neurulation Part I
20Neurulation Part II
21Gastrulation
Formation of the primitive gut
22Gasturlationpart II
23Organogenisisin a 5 week embryo
24Differentiation of Mesoderm
25Differentiation of Mesoderm continued
26The Primary Germ Layers
ECTODERM
MESODERM
ENDODERM
27Fig. 29.14a
28Fig. 29.14b
29Fig. 29.14c
30Fig. 29.14d
31Fig. 29.14e
32Fig. 29.14f
33Fig. 29.14g
34Fig. 29.14h
35From embryo to fetus
36Fetal circulation
37Pregnancy from the mothers perspective
38Hey Ma! Its getting crowded in here!
39Laborthe beginning of the end
40A Vertex Presentation
41and welcome to the world!
42The let-down reflexor, more fun with oxytocin