Klaus Spiekermann The GIS based Raster Methodology a window for new, more detailed results Spiekerma

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Klaus SpiekermannThe GIS based Raster
Methodology a window for new, more detailed
results Spiekermann
Wegener Urban and Regional Research
Dortmund, Germany

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How to Add Environment to Land Use Transport?
No spatial disaggregation
Spatial disaggregation of output
Spatial disaggregation of input
Zonal data
Zonal data
Zonal data
Aggregate land-use transport model
Aggregate land-use transport model
Aggregate land-use transport model
Aggregate land-use transport model
Spatial disaggregation
Zonal environmental impact model
Spatial disaggregation
Microsimulation land-use transport model
Disaggregate environmental impact model
Disaggregate environmental impact model

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Raster Module Methodology

• post-processing of land use transport model
  output when higher spatial resolution is required
• second spatial reference system physical
  micro-locations
• maintaining the zonal organisation
• adding a disaggregate raster-based representation
  of space
• disaggregation of zonal and network attributes to
  raster space
• calculation of local envionmental and social
  impacts of land use and transport policies
• re-aggregation to indicators

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Raster Module Structure
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Raster Module Input Data

• Zonal forecasts of land use transport model
• - households
• - employees
• - land/floorspace
• Link forecasts of land use transport model
• - vehicles
• - link speed
• GIS data
• - zones
• - networks
• - land use

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Spatial Disaggregation Methodology

• (1) Allocation of zonal data to raster cells

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Spatial Disaggregation Methodology

• (2) Spatial disaggregation of network data

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Raster Module Indicator

• Emissions
• EGGT Greenhouse gases from transport
• EAAT Acidifying gases from transport
• EAOC Volatile organic compounds from transport

-gt advanced emission model (adapted from MEET,
Copert III) -gt speed-related emission functions
-gt detailed composition of vehicle fleet for base
year and evolution
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Raster Module Indicator

• Consumption of natural resources
• EROT Consumption of mineral oil products,
  transport
• -gt energy consumption model (adapted from Copert
  III)
• ERLC Land coverage

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Raster Module Indicator

• Environmental quality
• EQFO Fragmentation of open space

-gt Definition of open space pixels -gt Connected
pixels of open space -gt Average patch size for
study region in ha -gt to be used in evaluation as
change from base year
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Raster Module Indicator

• Environmental quality
• EQQO Quality of open space

-gt pixels of open space without noise
disturbance -gt total undisturbed area of study
region in ha -gt to be used in evaluation as
change from base year
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Raster Module Indicator

• Health
• SHEP Exposure to particulate matter in the
  living environment
• SHED Exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the living
  environment
• SHEN Exposure to traffic noise

-gt air dispersion and noise propagation
modelling -gt relates air quality and noise level
to disaggregated population
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Raster Module Indicator

• Accessibility and traffic
• SAAO Accessibility to open space

-gt disaggregate accessibility modelling -gt search
window for each pixel of 5 x 5 km -gt
Accessibility potential
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Demonstration of Raster Module

• Demonstration example I Dortmund urban region

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100x100 m Raster Cells in Dortmund
1 km2
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100x100 m Raster Cells in Dortmund
1 km2
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Land Use in the Dortmund Region
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Spatial Disaggregation of Population
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Spatial Disaggregation of Population - 3d
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Population in Raster Cells and Transport Network
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Spatial Disaggregation of Network Data
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Emission (NO2)
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Exposure to Air Pollution
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Exposure to Traffic Noise
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Open Space
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Quality of Open Space I
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Quality of Open Space II
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Fragmentation of Open Space
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Accessibility to Open Space
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Demonstration of Raster Module

• Demonstration example II Brussels urban region

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Settlement Structure
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Population Density
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Employment Density
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Traffic Noise in Base Year
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Traffic Noise Difference 2021 v. 2001
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Traffic Noise Difference in 2021 713 v. 000
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Conclusions

• from land use transport models (LT Models) to
  land use transport environment models (LTE
  Models)
• overcoming separate modelling traditions
• GIS integration
• Methodology of Raster Module serves both
• traditional, aggregate land use transport models
• microsimulation models