COMPREHENSIVE TRIBAL REHABILITATION

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COMPREHENSIVE TRIBAL REHABILITATION BAIFS
WADI PROGRAMME
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BAIF Development Research Foundation
Established in 1967 by Dr. Manibhai Desai An
associate of Mahatma Gandhi
Core Programmes

• Livestock Development
• Tree based farming
• Watershed Development

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• The Interlocked Nature of Poverty
• Subsistence agriculture
• Degraded natural resources
• Poor health
• Non accessibility to services
• Deprived of original sources of livelihoods

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SOCIO ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF TRIBALS
Indicators
Source / Year Total Tribes Scheduled Tribes
Total Population Infant Mortality (/1000)
(1998) 73.0
84.2 66.0 Child
Mortality(/1000) (1998)
30.6 46.3
22.5 Literacy Rate ()
(2001) 64.8
47.1 65.4
Enrollment in Schools () (1998)
89.7 9.7
School Dropouts ()
(1994) 52.8 77.7
Access to
Electricity() (2001) 55.8
36.5 90.0
Good Housing ()
(2001) 50.2 35.8
70.0 BPL Population ()
(1994) 37.3
51.9 24.0

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Crisis of Confidence In

• Development Programmes
• Outsiders
• Themselves

Migration for survival
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Manifestations of poverty

• Lack of choice
• Absence of hope
• Relative sufficiency gt Deprivation
• Factors deepening poverty
• Health crises
• Social expenditure
• Low productivity of assets
• Lack of assets /skills /capital /confidence
  /co-operation
• Lack of access to services

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Subsistence farming Distress migration Poor
access to services
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The Wadi Approach
Rehabilitation in own environment and start from
what they have
Peoples participation starting with programme
development
Application of Science Technology, with
demystification
Focus on Livelihood, as well as Quality of Life
Holistic Approach
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TRIBAL REHABILITATION THROUGH WADI
Chronic poverty leading to seasonal migration
Degraded land owned by the poor
Land shaping
Wadi Tree based Farming to reverse the
process
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• Approach
• Rehabilitation in own environment
• Peoples participation
• Application of science and technology
• Focus on livelihood and Quality of life
• Demystification of technology
• Holistic approach

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CORE PHILOSOPHY

• Culturally sound and holistic approach
• Involvement of the communities
• Demystification of technology
• Leadership development
• Opportunities for community initiatives
• Develop own financial strength
• Backward and forward linkages through POs

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WADI Concept Family based approach evolved over a
period of 10 years on the basis of Vansda
experience
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WADI CONCEPT

• Family based approach
• Developing sustainable
• livelihood opportunities
• Improving quality of life
• Community Health and
• Literacy
• Womens Empowerment
• Peoples Participation
• through Peoples
• Organisations

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WADI LAYOUT (1 ACRE)










































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Fencing

Forestry
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Mango
Cashew
Mango 20 Cashew 40 Forestry 400
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Core Wadi Activities

• Agri - Horti - Forestry
• Soil Conservation
• Water Resource Development

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CORE LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES

• Agri-horti-forestry
• Land shaping and soil conservation
• Water resource development
• Value addition to farm produce
• Micro-finance
• Micro-enterprises

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SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

• Need for soil
• conservation
• Heavy rainfall
• Hilly area (slope 20 to
• 40)
• Types of Treatments
• 5 to 15 slope trench
• cum bund
• gt 15 slope tree
• platform
• Treatment completed in more than 10000 acres

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WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

• Ensure critical irrigation
• Undertake additional crop cultivation
• Wadi with watershed approach
• Water resources development activities
• Permanent checkdam construction
• Community lift irrigations
• Spring development
• Jalkunds (farm pond)
• Small irrigation technologies

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THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT
Nurturing of fruit trees
Development of land
Improving the productivity
Intensive cropping
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PROGRESS OF WADI (ORCHARD)
Reversal of migration
Multiple cropping
Fruit bearing in fourth year
Improved agricultural production
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ORCHARDS IN PRODUCTION
Grafted tamarind
Cashew with wheat
Indian gooseberry
Budded Ber (4th year)
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TREE BASED FARMING A SOURCE OF FORAGE
Supplementary income
Fodder from the border
Good check on weeds
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SOURCE OF BASIC NEEDS
Forage supplement
Food security
Source of fuelwood
Supply of timber
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Womens Development

• Objectives
• Integration of Women in the development process
  and to have a social identity
• Achieve Economic Self Sufficiency
• Increasing solidarity among women and increase in
  self confidence
• Activities
• Savings and Credit
• Income Generation
• Community level initiatives
• Drudgery reduction measures

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Need-Based Components

• Around the Core Program

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SCOPE FOR SUPPLEMENTARY INCOME
Mushroom production
Group Wavli revival of a traditional custom
Medicinal herb
Herbal garden
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OFF-FARM ACTIVITIES
Production of housing materials
Flour mill
Rope Making
Consumer Stores
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DRUDGERY REDUCTION
Grinding wheel with ball bearing
Smokeless chullah
Potable water at doorsteps
Fodder grown on field boundary
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
Trained mid wife
Health check up
Child care
Nutrition Garden
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MOTIVATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING
Awareness and training
Imparting of skills
Barefoot technician
Nursery
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CONSERVATION OF NATURE WITH POVERTY
ALLEVIATION
After 8-10 years
Before development
Food security leads to conservation of common
resources
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Sahabhagi Vikas Yojana Enhancing Livelihood
through Credit
Sustainability Economic Empowerment

• Approach
• Grant Credit
• Need Based Schemes
• Credit through POs

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DIRECT BENEFITS FROM 0.4 HA WADI BASED ON
GUJARAT WADI MODEL (20 MANGOES, 40 CASHEW AND 600
MPTS)
Income (Rs.)
Mango
Cashew
Forestry
Agriculture
Total
Year
1
0
0
0
2500
2500
2
0
0
0
4000
4000
3
0
0
0
6000
6000
4
0
1800
0
6000
7800
5
800
3000
0
6000
9800
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1120
4416
5000
6000
16536
7
1760
5880
5000
6000
18640
8
3360
7488
5000
6000
21848
9
6720
8400
5000
6000
26120
10
8800
9120
5000
5000
27920
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9920
9408
5000
5000
29328
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10400
9600
5000
5000
30000
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10720
9600
5000
5000
30320
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10880
9600
5000
5000
30480
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INDIRECT BENEFITS OF WADI PROGRAM

• Improved health conditions
• Literacy through school attendance and adult
  education
• Empowerment of women
• Improvement in land productivity and reduced
  biotic pressure
• Year round employment and food security
• Value addition to farm produce
• Migration checked
• Development of local organisations
• Confidence and decision making
• Increased sense of identity
• Receptivity to new ideas

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Peoples Organisations
Co-operatives (Representation by members of
Ayojan Samiti)
Barefoot Accountant Field Guide Village Health
Guide
Ayojan Samiti (Representative Body -Participants)
Other Village Institutions
Gram Vikas Mandali (All Wadi participants and
SHG members)
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FOSTERING PEOPLES ORGANISATIONS

• Role of Peoples Organisations
• To enable peoples ownership of their
• own development process.
• To plan, organise and ensure the
• implementation of the programme
• activities.
• To function as the local source for
• meeting the financial needs of the
• people.
• To take development initiatives that
• will benefit the larger village
• community by establishing and
• developing linkages with other
• village level and Government bodies.

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Functioning of Co-operatives

• Procurement Processing of Wadi and Farm produce
• Providing need based services
• Oil extraction unit
• Sale of fertiliser/seeds/ vermicompost
• Seasonal Trading in rooftiles/plastic sheets
  /foodgrains
• Fresh fruit marketing

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POST PRODUCTION SERVICES
Local youth trained in cashew processing
Packaging of mango pickles
Products of a Tribal Cooperative
Cashew shell and nut
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Comprehensive Tribal Development
Programme Dharampur, Kaprada Dangs
Project period 1995 onwards Location
Dharampur, Kaprada blocks Valsad
District. Extended
to Dangs District Total Coverage 13,663
Families 12,732
Acres 162 Villages
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Status of Peoples Organisations

• Village level POs -
• Gram Vikas Mandals 174
• Cum. savings Rs.90 lacs
• Cadre of Local Resource Persons
• - Field Guides 158
• - Local Accountants 156
• - Other Technicians over 200
• Co-operatives
• Formation of 10 Cooperatives
• Total shareholding Rs. 25 lacs

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Status of Sahabhagi Vikas Yojana
Cumulative Credit Disbursed Rs. 284 lacs
Cumulative Recovery Rs. 212 lacs

• Loan Purpose
• Farm Implements
• Non Farm Activities
• On Farm Activities
• Livestock
• Water Resource Development

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Forward Linkages

• For the Year 2005
• Raw cashew processed 250 tonnes
• Semi processing of mango 400 tonnes
• Semi processing of karvanda 17 tonnes
• Marketing of fresh mango for export 200 tonnes
• Sale in local market 70 tonnes

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Wadi Coverage in BAIF project areas
Locations Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Karnataka Total no. of families gt
70,000 Coverage of more than 52,000 families in
14 districts of Maharashtra planned by Govt. of
Maharashtra
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Programme Impacts

• Stable Livelihoods
• Distress migration checked
• Improved quality of life
• Increased capacity and participation of women
• Increased Entrepreneurship
• Vibrant Peoples Organizations

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Indirect Impacts
Productive farming systems Reduced biotic
pressure on common land resources Improved
chances of successful restoration of common lands
Human well being goes hand in hand with
eco-system well being
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Core Philosophy

• Culturally sound and holistic approach
• Involvement of the communities
• Demystification of technology
• Leadership development
• Space for community initiatives
• Develops community financial strength
• Backward and forward linkages

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Programme Insights

• Shift from Sectoral to holistic approach
• Need based interventions with well defined
  central theme
• Demystification of technology and capacity
  building
• Forward linkages for diversified and sustainable
  livelihoods

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Implications for Programme Design

• Programme should move from sectoral to holistic
  approaches
• Programme should have a well defined central
  theme, but must also have considerable built in
  flexibility
• Demystification and capacity building are
  cornerstones of sustainability
• Dynamic and responsive to emerging needs
• Dovetailing with forward linkage activities is
  crucial

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Eco- System Well Being
Human Well Being
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WadiA Program for Human Development

• With
• Environmental Restoration