Animal Health Solutions for the Future

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Global responses for global health threatsAn
Animal Health and Medicines Strategy for
Developing Countries
J Lubroth Animal Health Service Animal
Production and Health Division FAO, Rome
IFAH-EUROPE CONFERENCE
Animal Health Solutions for the Future Brussels,
Thursday, 12 June 2008
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• Livelihoods

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• Food Security

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Holistic Approach

• Disease Ecology and Environment
• Aetiological Agents
• Farming Systems
• Husbandry Practices and Biosecurity
• Commerce, Movement, and Trends

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Context

• The Livestock Sector is currently contributing
  43 of the global agricultural GDP - and is
  growing rapidly
• Sector growth and structural change generate
  important information, technology, policy and
  institutional gaps
• The sector is associated with considerable
  threats to public health (zoonoses) and to the
  environment (degradation of natural resources,
  biodiversity loss, climate change)
• On the other hand, large numbers of rural poor
  are associated with livestock and with the
  sector growing, for some of these poor their
  livestock may be a pathway out of poverty

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FAOs Livestock Programme
animals and livelihoods
(IEE 3.11 animal health in context)
land, water, air, biodiversity, ecosystems
animal health, addressing implications for the
poor, the national economies of
developing countries, and global risks to both
the livestock sector and human health
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Animal Production and Health Division

• Animal Production
• Milk and Dairying
• Animal Genetic Resources
• Small-scale producers
• Meat and Food Safety
• Feed Safety
• Animal Health
• EMPRES
• Veterinary Public Health
• Veterinary Services
• Environment / Vector-borne
• EU FMD Commission
• Policies and Legislation
• Environment
• Socio-economic
• Pro-poor

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Animal Health Service
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Transboundary Animal Diseases

• Foot-and-Mouth Disease
• Rinderpest
• Peste des Petits Ruminants
• Classical Swine Fever
• African Swine Fever
• Rift Valley Fever
• Bluetongue
• Brucellosis
• Venezuelan EE

• Avian Influenza
• Newcastle Disease
• Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
• Sheep/Goat pox
• African Horsesicknes
• Lumpy Skin Disease
• Rabies
• Other EEs
• Emerging or re-emerging diseases

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Transboundary Animal Diseases

• Foot-and-Mouth Disease
• Rinderpest
• Peste des Petits Ruminants
• Classical Swine Fever
• African Swine Fever
• Rift Valley Fever
• Bluetongue
• Brucellosis
• Venezuelan EE

• Avian Influenza
• Newcastle Disease
• Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
• Sheep/Goat pox
• African Horsesicknes
• Lumpy Skin Disease
• Rabies
• Other EEs
• Emerging or re-emerging diseases

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Early Warning
Early Reaction
Enabling Research
Coordination
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The FAO/OIE GF-TADs Initiative
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GOAL of GF-TADs Vision Development Objective

• To improve the protein food security, alleviate
  poverty, and improve the incomes of developing
  countries
• Safeguard the world livestock industry (of
  developed as well as developing countries) from
  repeat shocks of infectious disease epidemics
• Promoting safe and globalised trade in
  livestock and animal products

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Programme Thrusts

• Global Strategy taking lessons from the GREP and
  FMD experiences
• Conclusions on the ongoing HPAI crisis
• Regional strategies owned and implemented by
  regional organisations and Countries

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Regional Immediate Objectives

• Regional nodes for Epidemiological analysis and
  Early Warning through information sharing
• Rationalisation and Management of Veterinary
  Services
• National and Regional capacity building for
  diagnosis and surveillance ... socio-economic
  studies
• Laboratories/surveillance teams, through
  Networks
• Regional and National Laboratories
• Regional and National Epidemiology Units
• Wildlife Livestock interaction
• Surveillance for primary endemic areas for TADs
  and Zs
• Pilot disease control programmes
• Design and follow through of National Projects
• Funding - Advocacy and Promotion

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Concepts and key epidemiological aspects of
GF-TADs

• Disease and Infection at the SOURCE
• Upstream investigation
• Epidemiology Laboratory Networks
• Knowledge on animal production, land usage,
  marketing schemes, movement patterns an
  integrated and holistic approach.
• GLobal Early Warning System FAO-OIE-WHO

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Regional Support Units
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OIE / FAO - COMPLEMENTARITIES and SYNERGIES
May 2008
Animal Health Standards and Guidelines setting
and Adoption
Standards and Guidelines Setting
Good Farming Practices Strategies
Good Farming Practices Guidelines and Strategies
Official Disease Information
Animal Disease Informationand Intelligence
Disease Tracking
Disease intelligence
Expertise on Animal Health worldwide
Expertise
Expertise for Development Programs on Animal
Health
Expertise for Development Programs on Animal
Health
Animal Health Publications
Technical and Scientific Publications
Global
Capacity Building Programson Animal Health
onstandards and guidelines implementation
Regional
National
Global
Development programs on Animal Health
Regional
National
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AGAH - Animal Health Service (IDG) 2006-2008
Information systems, vaccine production,
diagnostic equipment, health and production,
workshops, study tours, strategy development,
contingency planning, legislation reviews, risk
analysis, ...
Foot-and-mouth Disease, Classical Swine Fever,
African Swine Fever, Rinderpest, PPR, Newcastle,
Brucellosis, Rift Valley Fever, ... HPAI
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J Newcomb 2005
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Prevention, Detection and Response
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Capacity Building
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Networks
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HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA

• Regional Projects Networks Epidemiology,
  Diagnostic Laboratories, Socio-Economic Studies,
  Wildlife ...)
• Capacity Building

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Progress in Rinderpest verification
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GREP
Regional Rinderpest Eradication Campaigns
PARC
Middle Asia
WAREC
Arabian Peninsula
SAREC
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GREP PROGRESS
RINDERPEST
Signs Fever Discharges nose, eyes
Diarrhoea/dysentery Ulcers in mouth
Death (can exceed 90 )
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• Logistically achievable under prevailing
  conditions
• Acceptable to the livestock owners
• Acceptable to all other stakeholders

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EU FMD COMMISSION MEMBER COUNTRIES
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REGIONAL VPH NETWORKS on Zoonoses, Feed and Food
Safety
Dr. Eftychia Xylouri - Fragkiadaki
Dr. Mohinder Oberoi Dr. S. Sandhya http//www.vpha
sia.org/
Greece
India
Uganda
Argentina
Countries 116 Members gt750
Dr Luis Sammartino httpwww1.inta.gov.ar/producto/
zoonosis
Dr. Winyi Kaboyo
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USA
Thailand Department of Livestock Development
Animal Health Service EMPRES
Vi?t Nam Department of Animal Health
Regional Office
New Zealand
AGAP
AGAL
Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium
PR China Ministry of Agriculture
France
FAO Collaborators Asian Focus
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• Joint Division FAO/IAEA (Vienna, AUSTRIA)
• Animal Production and Health
• Development of diagnostic assays
• Transfer of technology to developing countries
• Reagent production and distribution
• Sterile Insect Technologies
• (screwworm, trypanosomosis)
• Laboratory quality control and assurance (EQC)
• Training

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Disease Intelligence
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2004
2005
2006
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Figure 12. Commercial movements of live animals
in West Africa workshop report, TCP/RAF/2916
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Probability of Outbreaks based on Logistic
Regression Model for 2003/4 AI Epidemic
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GoogleTM
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177
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72
380
281
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59
84
121
66
726
97
246
87
Poultry Commercial Movement
Source GIRA, 2004
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Expectations

• What is expected from the livestock sector?
• affordable food
• safe food, and a positive contribution to human
  nutrition
• livelihood support and poverty reduction
• protection of natural resources

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Trends Context Rapid Changes

• from roughages to concentrates
• from ruminants to monogastrics
• from smallholder mixed systems to large-scale
• industrial
• from developed to developing countries
• from local markets to globally integrated
• markets
• from scattered to clustered locations of supply
• ... impact of standards and development

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Drivers Context A Widening Dichotomy

• commercial, globalized
• profit-oriented
• food
• dynamic, expanding

• subsistence, local
• survival-oriented
• multi-purpose
• static, marginalized

Two disparate systems, yet connected ... ...by
the environment, by animal health status, by
markets, by standards Animal health cannot be
seen in isolation
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Context the Widening Dichotomy...

• is associated with social marginalization and
  market exclusion of large numbers of poor people
• raises overall disease risk (e.g. the endemic
  presence of FMD in traditional livestock systems
  raises the risk in commercial livestock both
  domestically and abroad)
• creates huge environmental issues
  (deforestation, rangeland degradation, associated
  GHG emissions, etc)

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Vision

• optimize the role of the livestock sector in the
  development process (poverty reduction)
• counter animal-related human disease threats
• protect livestock-related natural resources and
  adjust to a scenario of resource scarcity
• address wildlife/livestock interactions and
  emergence of pathogens, including zoonoses

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The Ways Forward

• Contingency Planning
• Simulation exercises
• Enabling legislation
• Obligations to report / transparency
• Compensation strategies
• Tools
• Diagnostic assays (IgM, DIVA, multi-species,
  high DSn, DSn, high PPV, thermostable ...)
• Robust vaccines and bacterins (DIVA, antigenic
  variations, thermostable, long-lived immunity)
• Trypanocides
• Methods
• Networks and Networking
• Capacity Building

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The Ways Forward

• One Health
• MoA and MoH
• Ministries of Planning and Finance
• Environment
• Strengthen public good services
• Access
• Governance
• Ethics
• Debt relief
• Investment
• Conditionality
• Environment and Conservation
• Education
• Access
• National standards
• Partnerships
• North-South
• South-South
• Institutes and Private Industry

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