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Biochemistry

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Proteins are biological polymers made up of many -amino acid molecules that ... the doubly ionized form called a zwitterion at neutral pH in biological systems. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Biochemistry


1
Biochemistry
  • Chapter 25

2
Proteins
  • Proteins are biological polymers made up of many
    ?-amino acid molecules that contain both an amine
    group and a carboxylic acid group.

3
Proteins
  • Proteins are biological polymers made up of many
    ?-amino acid molecules that contain both an amine
    group and a carboxylic acid group.

? -carbon
4
Proteins
  • Proteins are biological polymers made up of many
    ?-amino acid molecules that contain both an amine
    group and a carboxylic acid group.

5
Zwitterions
  • Amino acids exist predominately in the doubly
    ionized form called a zwitterion at neutral pH in
    biological systems.

6
Peptide (Amide) Bonds
  • Condensation reactions between the carboxyl group
    of one amino acid and the amino group of a second
    amino acid result in C-N bond formation.

7
Peptide (Amide) Bonds
  • Condensation reactions between the carboxyl group
    of one amino acid and the amino group of a second
    amino acid result in C-N bond formation.

D-alanine ala
glycine gly
8
Peptide (Amide) Bonds
  • Condensation reactions between the carboxyl group
    of one amino acid and the amino group of a second
    amino acid result in C-N bond formation.

- H2O
9
Peptide (Amide) Bonds
  • Condensation reactions between the carboxyl group
    of one amino acid and the amino group of a second
    amino acid result in C-N bond formation.

C
H
O
H
3
H
C
C
O
H
N
H
C
C
N
2
H
O
H
A Dipeptide
10
Carbohydrates
  • Monosaccharides
  • Simple sugars containing 3-9 carbon atoms, with
    all but one carbon containing a hydroxyl group.
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Short polymers of two to ten simple sugar units
  • Polysaccharides
  • Polymers consisting of more than ten simple
    sugars.

11
Monosaccharides
D-glucose
D-ribose
12
A Question of Structure?
  • Write the reactions for the equilibria existing
    in a solution of D-Galactose

13
A Question of Structure?
  • Write the reactions for the equilibria existing
    in a solution of D-Galactose

14
A Question of Structure?
  • Write the reactions for the equilibria existing
    in a solution of D-Galactose

15
Nucleic Acids-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
  • DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotide repeat
    units such as those shown below.

ribonucleotide
deoxyribonucleotide
16
Hydrogen Bonding in Nucleotide Bases
  • How many hydrogen bonds link an adenine-uracil
    base pair?

17
Hydrogen Bonding in Nucleotide Bases
  • How many hydrogen bonds link an adenine-uracil
    base pair?

Adenine
Uracil
18
Hydrogen Bonding in Nucleotide Bases
  • How many hydrogen bonds link an adenine-uracil
    base pair?

19
Hydrogen Bonding in Nucleotide Bases
  • How many hydrogen bonds link an adenine-uracil
    base pair?

2 Hydrogen bonds
20
A Triacylglycerol
21
A Triacylglycerol
Three Fatty Acids
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