7. Telecommunications, Internet, Wireless

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Chapter 7 Roadmap
1. TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN TODAYS
BUSINESS WORLD Networking and Communication
Trends What Is a Computer Network? Key Digital
Networking Technologies 2. COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORKS Signals Digital vs. Analog Types of
Networks Physical Transmission Media Broadband
Network Services and Technologies 3. THE
INTERNET What is the Internet? Internet
Addressing and Architecture Internet
Services The World Wide Web Intranets and
Extranets Technologies and Tools for
Communication and E-Business 4. THE WIRELESS
REVOLUTION Wireless Devices Cellular
Systems Wireless Computer Networks and Internet
Access RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks
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MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

• Loss of management control
• Managing Networks, bandwidth
• Scalability, Reliability, Security
• Using the appropriate network technologies within
  organizations

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The Telecommunications Environment

• Connectivity on demand
• Multiple types of networks
• Wired, wireless, distance sensitive
• Multiple devices
• Phones, PDA, PC, Servers, etc.
• Multiple kinds of formats
• Data, voice, multimedia
• All seeking convergence

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Telecommunications Trends

• Rapid Tech innovation proliferation of devices
• Deregulation competition, lower prices,
  alternatives
• Convergence to single provider- 1 stop
• Convergence of technologies
• Proliferation of broadband
• Rapid growth of wireless
• Growing scope of services desired

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The Business Value of Telecommunications

• Declining transaction costs
• Declining agency costs
• Increased flexibility and agility
• Higher quality, timely information and better
  management decisions

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Key Digital Networking Technologies

• Client/Server Computing
• Packet Switching/Frame Relay
• TCP/IP Connectivity

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PURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEM

• Telecommunications Communication of information
  by electronic means
• Includes digital data transmission as well as
  voice transmission
• Establish interface between sender and the
  receiver
• Route messages along most efficient paths
• Performs elementary processing of information
• Performs editorial tasks on data
• Converts message speed or format
• Controls flow of information

How do they do that?
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Types of Signals Analog and Digital

• Analog signal
• Continuous waveform
• Passes through communications medium
• Used for voice communications

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Types of Signals Analog and Digital

• Digital signal
• Discrete waveform
• Transmits data coded into two discrete states as
  1-bits and 0-bits
• Used for data communications
• Modem
• Translates computers digital signals into analog
  and vice versa

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Physical Transmission Media

• Twisted wire Telephone systems
• Coaxial cable Cable television
• Fiber optics and optical networks
• Dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM)
• Clear glass strands
• Backbone of Internet

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COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEM
Transmission Media

• Wireless transmission Microwave, Satellites,
  Paging systems, Cellular telephones, Personal
  communication Services, Personal digital
  assistants, Mobile data networks
• Transmission speed Baud, bandwidth

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SPEEDS COST OF MEDIA
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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Network Topologies

• Star Network All computers and other devices are
  connected to a central host computer
• Bus Network Links a number of computers by a
  single circuit
• Ring Network All computers are linked by a
  closed loop

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TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Local Area Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks
(WANs)

• Local Area Networks
• Require their own dedicated channels
• Encompass a limited distance
• Gateway, router, Network Operating System (NOS),
  peer-to-peer

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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Local Area Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks
(WANs)

• Wireless LANs
• Wi-Fi (802.11b) standard Up to 11 Mbps, low
  cost, high-speed mobile Internet access, links
  work groups (also 54g)
• Bluetooth standard Up to 720 Kbps, small
  personal area networks
• WiMax making headway

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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Local Area Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks
(WANs)

• Wide Area Networks (WANs)
• Span large geographical distance
• Consist of variety of cable, satellite, and
  microwave technologies
• Switched lines, dedicated lines

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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Network Services and Broadband Technologies

• Value-Added Networks (VANs)
• Private, multipath, data-only, third-party-managed
  network
• Virtual Private Network (VPN)
• Uses public infrastructure
• Allows secure connections
• Accenture model

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THE INTERNET and WWWthe same?

• BEGAN AS GOVERNMENT CONNECTION OF UNIVERSITIES
• INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP) Organization
  connected to Internet, leases temporary
  connections to subscribers
• NO ONE OWNS IT, LITTLE FORMAL ORGANIZATION

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TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET
PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)

• REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY DEPARTMENT OF
  DEFENSE IN 1972
• 1. APPLICATION Provides screen presentations
• 2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP) Breaks
  data into datagrams
• 3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) Breaks, sends
  datagrams as smaller IP packets can repeat
  transmission to increase reliability

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INTERNET ADDRESSING

• IP Address
• 32-bit number, four strings
• 207.46.250.119
• Domain Name Service (DNS)
• Converts IP to domain names
• www.microsoft.com
• .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .net, .org
• .biz, .info

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MAJOR INTERNET SERVICES

• E -MAIL Person -to-person messaging document
  sharing
• USERNET NEWSGROUPS Electronic bulletin boards
  for discussion groups
• LISTSERVs e-mail list servers for discussion
  groups
• CHATTING Interactive conversations
• TELNET Log on one computer, work on another
• FTP Transfer files from computer to computer
• GOPHERS Use menus to locate text material
• WORLD WIDE WEB Text, audio, graphics, video

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SEARCHING THE WEB FOR INFORMATION

• Search Engines
• Tools for locating specific sites or information
  on WWW
• Push Technology
• Server streams relevant content to browser
• MULTICASTING Sending data to select group

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• INTERNET2
• New protocols, higher transmission speed,
  interconnected gigapops (regional high-speed
  points-of-presence), connected to
  high-performance Backbone Network infrastructure.
  Will differentiate priorities of messages,
  provide video portals for lifelike video
• 2.5 to 9.6 Gbps speed

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INTRANET and WWW

• INTERNAL NETWORK
• WWW TECHNOLOGY
• FIREWALL Security System to Prevent Invasion of
  Private Networks
• OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM DIFFERENCES
• OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

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EXTRANET

• ALLOWS SELECT USERS OUTSIDE ORGANIZATION TO USE
  ITS INTRANET
• CUSTOMERS
• BUSINESS PARTNERS
• VENDORS

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INTERNET BENEFITS

• GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY
• REDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COST
• LOWER TRANSACTION COSTS
• REDUCED AGENCY COSTS
• INTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY, CUSTOMIZATION
• ACCELERATED KNOWLEDGE

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POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH IT INFRASTRUCTURE

• CONNECTIVITY APPLICATION INTEGRATION
• LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL
• ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
• HIDDEN COSTS
• NETWORK RELIABILITY, SECURITY, BANDWIDTH

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ELECTRONIC BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TOOLS

• E-mail, chat, IM, USENET Flexibility and
  eliminates telephone tag and costly long-distance
  telephone charges
• Groupware Enables work groups at different
  locations to participate in discussion forums and
  work on shared documents and projects
• VoIP Voice over Internet Ex Skype is FREE long
  distance. www.skype.com

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ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND ELECTRONIC BUSINESS
TECHNOLOGIES

• Digital information services, distance
• learning and E-Learning
• Distance learning Education or training
  delivered over a distance to individuals in one
  or more locations
• E-learning Instruction delivered online using
  the Internet or private networks

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Challenges of Wireless

• Integrating wireless into the firms
  infrastructure
• Maintaining Security and Privacy of wireless

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Wireless

• Still in its infancy
• Explosion of mobile phones
• Phones not just for talking
• Delivering and sending digital data/pictures
• Anytime/anywhere access
• Can cut costs, increase flexibility

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Business Value of Wireless

• Increase communication throughout and between
  organizations
• More flexibility in work area
• Easy to change work arrangements
• Increased productivity-not tied to LAN line
• Provides new services and products
• GPS phones, auto

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Wireless Networks

• Personal Area Network (PAN)
• Bluetooth 802.15
• Connect close devices
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wi-FI 802.11
• Connect users to larger networks
• Metropolitan Area Networks
• WiMax 802.16
• Used for rural areas 31 mile radius
• Wide Area Network (WAN) proposed
• EV-DO - combination
• Wireless access through cell phone

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Wireless Applications in the Enterprise

• Customer Relationship Management
• Mobile support for sales and service
• Field service workers have real-time access to
  company information
• Send orders directly from point of sale
• Sears Repairman connected to parts department
  and technical information
• Update customer accounts and deal information to
  update customer database instantaneously
• Receive alerts to important events
• Enter, perform, and update transactions and
  product information

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Wireless Applications in the Enterprise

• Supply Chain Management
• Uses RFID better than barcodes, more data
• Improves accuracy of product information
• Parts replacement
• Healthcare patient/drug information
• Captures movement of goods through the supply
  chain
• Active sends signal
• EZPass
• Passive uses reader
• Walmart all pallets RFID by 2006
• Use in warehousing picking, packing, shipping

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND
SOLUTIONS
Management Opportunities

• Wireless technology offers
• Flexible business processes (New Orleans and
  Hurricane Katrina)
• Business processes not limited by time or space
• New channel for communicating with client
• Source of new products and services

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Wireless Challenges

• Creating and integrating wireless technologies
  into firms infrastructure
• What applications are best
• Organizational change requirements
• Security and Privacy
• Wireless networks still not very secure
• RFID can be another intrusion to privacy

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So What-Wireless?

• Understand how wireless technology can benefit
  your organization or business function
• Understand the advantages and disadvantages of
  using wireless technologies
• Ensure security is a prevailing consideration in
  any new venture

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Solutions

• Managers need to be involved in telecommunication
  decisions
• Managers should seek new business opportunities
  for telecommunications
• Understand and manage changes in your
  organization caused by using internet technologies

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Solutions

• TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLAN
• KNOW LONG-RANGE PLANS
• AUDIT EXISTING CAPABILITIES
• IDENTIFY, PRIORITIZE CRITICAL IMPROVEMENTS
• ENHANCE FIRMS STRATEGIC POSITION
• IMPLEMENT PLAN

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IMPLEMENTATION FACTORS

• DISTANCE
• RANGE OF SERVICES (Scalability)
• SECURITY
• MULTIPLE ACCESS
• UTILIZATION
• COST
• INSTALLATION
• CONNECTIVITY

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So What?

• Understand how the internet can support your
  organizations goals
• Understand internets benefits and costs
• Understand and manage changes in your
  organization caused by using internet technologies