Canada in Space

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Canada in Space
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1839

• The first magnetic observatory is set up by Sir
  Edward Sabine at the University of Toronto to
  study the Northern Lights

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1959

• Black Brant 1, the first Canadian sounding rocket
  is launched from Fort Churchill, Manitoba

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• The Aurora borealis interfers with
  telecommunications
• Used to launch research instruments to gain
  information about the low ionosphere
  (temperature, density, pressure and composition)
• Sounding rockets are still used by CSA and NASA
  in sub-orbital missions
• More than 800 have been launched since 1959

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1959

• CF-105 Avro Arrow jet programme is canceled
• Many of Canadas best aerospace engineers find
  work with NASA where they make contributions to
  Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs

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• Avro Arrow supersonic, missile armed inceptor
  aircraft.
• designed to intercept delivery of nuclear weapons
  by Soviet Union following WWII

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1962

• Canada was the 3rd country in space!!!!
• Satellite Alouette1 launched on Sept. 29

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• Launched by NASA from the Pacific Missile Range
  from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California
• Used to study the ionosphere
• Alouettes mission lasted for 10years before it
  was turned off

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1969

• Canadian Owen Maynard involved in the development
  of the Lunar module Eagle.
• Designed the landing gear necessary for the first
  walk on the moon

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1972

• Telesat Canada launches Anik1
• Worlds first national satellite television system

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• Telstat or Telesat is a canadian satellite
  communications company
• Geostationary satellite located at Equator
• Geostationary orbits are useful because they
  cause a satellite to appear stationary with
  respect to a fixed point on the rotating Earth.
  As a result, an antenna can point in a fixed
  direction and maintain a link with the satellite.
  The satellite orbits in the direction of the
  Earth's rotation, at an altitude of 35,786 km
  (22,236 mi) above ground. This altitude is
  significant because it produces an orbital period
  equal to the Earth's period of rotation

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1981

• Canadarm (Shuttle Remote Manipulator System)
  launched aboard Space Shuttle Columbia mission
  STS-2

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• Canada's most famous robotic and technological
  achievement . The design and building of the
  Shuttle Remote Manipulator System marks the
  beginning of Canada's close collaboration with
  NASA in manned space flight. The Canadarm project
  remains a sterling example of successful
  international space cooperation.
• Canadarm firmly established Canada's
  international reputation for robotics innovation
  and know-how. Its excellent performance record
  has inspired several generations of scientists
  and engineers as they develop new technologies
  for industry, medicine, and other applications.
• Used for capturing and repairing satellites and
  moving cargo and astronauts in space

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1984

• October 5 Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian
  in space aboard Challenger Mission STS-41G

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• He conducted 10 experiments in 3 main categories
  space technology, space science and life sciences
• He returned to space in 1996 and 2000 before
  becoming president of CSA
• In 2000 he installs the Space Stations solar
  arrays

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1989

• The Canadian Space Agency is created

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• Mandate To promote the peaceful use and
  development of space, to advance the knowledge of
  space through science and to ensure that space
  science and technology provide social and
  economic benefits for Canadians

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1992

• Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman
  in space aboard Discovery mission STS-42

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• One of 6 original astronauts selected in Dec 1983
• Performed life science and material science
  experiments
• Is a neurologist and researcher

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1995

• Chris Hadfield becomes the first Canadian to
  operate the Canadarm and only Canadian to board
  MIR

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1995

• First complete view of Canada compiled using
  RADARSAT-1
• RADARSAT-1 is Canadas first Earth observation
  satellite

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• Launched Nov 4, 1995
• Developed by canada to monitor environmental
  changes and natural resources
• Able to acquire images of Earth day and night and
  in all weather

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1996

• Robert Thirsk flies aboard the longest shuttle
  mission to date

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• Altitude 173 statute miles
• Inclination 39 degrees
• Orbits 271
• Duration 16 days, 21 hours, 48 minutes, 30
  seconds.
• Distance 7 million miles
• During this 17-day flight aboard Columbia, he and
  his six crewmates performed 43 international
  experiments devoted to the study of life and
  materials sciences. The life science experiments
  investigated changes in plants, animals, and
  humans under space flight conditions. The
  materials science experiments examined protein
  crystallization, fluid physics and
  high-temperature solidification of multi-phase
  materials in a weightless environment.

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1997

• Bjarni Tryggvason flies aboard Discovery mission
  STS-85
• Tests Microgravity Vibration Isolation Mount

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• Experience has shown that spacecraft, such as the
  Russian Mir space station and the US Space
  Shuttle, do not provide the high-quality
  microgravity environment required for many
  science experiments. There are numerous causes
  for this deviation from the ideal "free-fall"
  environment such as the operation of on-board
  equipment (pumps, fans, thrusters, etc.), the
  movement of astronauts within the spacecraft, and
  variations in orbital characteristics such as
  atmospheric drag. While these disturbances are
  usually small and are most often not even felt by
  the astronauts, they can nonetheless have
  undesirable effects on space-based experiments.
  This is particularly significant for a large
  class of materials science experiments that
  involve fluid or vapour phases.
• The Microgravity Isolation Mount (MIM) is a
  unique Canadian development that improves the
  microgravity environment for experimenters who
  use spacecraft such as Mir or the Space Shuttle.
  The MIM uses the principle of magnetic levitation
  to isolate experiments from the vibrations of the
  spacecraft. The MIM consists of three major
  components a stator fixed to the spacecraft, a
  flotor which floats without contact relative to
  the fixed stator and a control unit which houses
  the brains of the system. Experiments are mounted
  on the MIM flotor and are controlled by the MIM
  control unit.
• First MIM was sent to MIR

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1998

• Dave Williams becomes the first non-American to
  serve as medical officer on a Shuttle Flight

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• In June 1992 the Canadian Space Agency selected
  Williams as one of four successful candidates
  from a field of 5330 applicants to begin
  astronaut training.

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1999

• Julie Payette is the first Canadian to board the
  International Space Station

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• Chief astronaut for CSA 2000-2007
• Logged over 465 hours in space
• May 27 to June 6, 1999 as a crewmember of STS-96.
  During the mission, the crew performed the first
  manual docking of the Shuttle to the
  International Space Station (ISS), and delivered
  four tons of supplies to the Station. Ms. Payette
  served as a mission specialist, was responsible
  for the Station systems, supervised the space
  walk and operated the Canadarm robotic arm. The
  STS-96 mission was accomplished in 153 orbits of
  the Earth, traveling more than six million
  kilometers in 9 days, 19 hours and 13 minutes.
  Ms. Payette was the first Canadian to participate
  in an ISS assembly mission and to board the Space
  Station.

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2001

• Chris Hadfield is the first Canadian to walk in
  space
• Canadarm 2 was installed during this mission

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• Canadarm 2 Bigger, Smarter, and more grown-up
  version of the shuttles robotic arm
• Special purpose dexterous manipulator. Dexter.
• Without Canadian robotics the ISS could not have
  been built
• This contribution guarantees Canada a minimum of
  one 3-month stay on the station every three years
  and allows access to the Stations research
  facilities

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• The Mobile Servicing System (MSS), better known
  by its primary component Canadarm2, is a robotic
  system and associated equipment on the
  International Space Station. It plays a key role
  in station assembly and maintenance moving
  equipment and supplies around the station,
  supporting astronauts working in space, and
  servicing instruments and other payloads attached
  to the space station. Astronauts receive
  specialized training to enable them to perform
  these functions with the various systems.
• The MSS is composed of the actual arm called
  Space Station Remote Manipulator (SSRMS), the
  Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS) and the
  Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM also
  known as Dextre or Canada hand).

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2003

• The Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars
  telescope (MOST) is launched
• Canadas first space telescope and the Worlds
  smallest

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• Carried aboard a Russian rocket
• Ultra-high-precision photometry
• Measurement of brightness variations
• Remains focused on a target For up to 2 months
  without interruption
• Optical telescope with a 15cm collecting mirror
• Housed in a suitcase sized microsatellite.
  Powered by solar panels

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2003

• Canadas Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment aboard
  the Scientific Satellite is launched
• SCISAT studies the depletion of the Ozone layer
  over Canada and the arctic