NUTRITION OF SCHOOLAGE CHILDREN Demetria C. Bongga

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NUTRITION OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDRENDemetria C.
Bongga

• Professor of Nutrition, University of the
  Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
• Lecture given on 27 March 2006 at the National
  Nutrition Council, Makati City

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Nutritional Requirements of School-age Children

• Based on RENI 7-9 yrs 10-12 yrs
• Calories 1600 2140
• Protein (gm) 43 54
• Vitamin A (ug) 400 400
• Vitamin A (mg) 35 45
• Calcium (mg) 700 1000
• Iron (mg) 11 13
• Iodine (ug) 120 120

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Nutrition and Health Concerns During Middle
Childhood (6-10 yrs)

• Hyperactivity or skipping meals ? hunger and
  undernutrition
• Exposure to poor environmental sanitation ?
  respiratory and helminthic infection
• High intake of calorie-dense and high fat, high
  sugar foods but low in nutrients ? dental caries,
  hypercholesterolemia, nutrient deficiency
• Frequent snacking ? not hungry at mealtimes
• Inactivity due to Long hours of watching TV or
  computer games ? obesity

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What is the state of nutrition of Filipino
school-age children?
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Plasma retinol level and prevalence of VAD by age
and physiologic state
Source DOST 6th NNS 2003
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What is the dietary intake of Filipinos?
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What is the health status of Filipinos?
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Source Philippine Health Statistics 1994
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Source Philippine Health Statistics 1994
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Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity(Overall
Population, 1997)

• Diarrhea
• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Influenza
• TB, Respiratory Infection
• Hypertension
• Malaria
• Chicken Pox
• Diseases of the Heart
• Measles

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What are consequences of poor nutrition in
school-age children?
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CONSEQUENCES OF IODINE DEFICIENCY

• Reduced intelligence
• Psychomotor retardation
• Mental and neurologic damage
• Cretinism
• Retarded physical development
• Loss of energy
• Impaired school performance

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Consequences of Iron deficiency

• Anemia
• Growth retardation
• Lower scores on mental and motor development
  tests
• Inattentiveness
• Decreased social responsiveness
• Low levels of concentration
• Less motivation for intellectually challenging
  roles
• Low level of overall intellectual development

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CONSEQUENCES OF VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY

• Low resistance to acute,respiratory infection
• Severe measles
• Diarrhea
• Retardation of growth

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EFFECTS OF HELMINTHIC INFECTION

• Impaired cognitive function
• Absenteeism
• Under-enrollment
• Attrition
• Impaired growth and development and abdominal
  obstruction (roundworm)
• Growth retardation (whipworm)
• Chronic colitis

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EFFECTS OF HELMINTHIC INFECTION (Cont)

• Iron deficiency anemia (whipworm and hookworm)
• Fatigue (hookworm)
• Reduced work capacity (schistosome)
• Heavy negative influence on learning aptitude
• Moderate negative influence on school attendance

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HEALTH AND NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS

• Targeted supplementary feeding in schools ? to
  address hunger or undernutrition
• Micronutrient supplementation
• Deworming ? to reduce iron deficiency
• Safe water and basic sanitary facilities
• Integration of health and nutrition education
  into the school curriculum or into nonformal
  education activities
• Wider promotion of fortified foods by LGUs

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HEALTH AND NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS (Cont)

• Promote physical activity in school, home and
  community
• Instead of telling children not to snack teach
  children how to snack (e.g. avoid sticky foods,
  choose fibrous foods)
• Parents should serve as role models of good
  food habits
• Promote good nutrition in school canteens and
  restaurants through healthy food options