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Compost and Wood Rot Fungi

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Compost and Wood Rot Fungi. Decomposition of Plant Biomass. Weakly parasitic ... Brown Rot Decay. Serpula lacrymans Dry Rot Fungi. White Rot Fungi ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Compost and Wood Rot Fungi


1
Compost and Wood Rot Fungi
2
Decomposition of Plant Biomass
  • Weakly parasitic
  • Sugar Fungi Mucorales (in the Zygomycota)
  • Cellulolytic
  • Lignolytic

3
Plant Cell Walls
  • Primary Wall
  • Cellulose - 25
  • Protein - 10
  • Other Polysaccharides 65
  • Secondary Walls
  • Cellulose - 44
  • Lignin 26 (2nd most abundant cmpd)
  • Hemicellulose - 30

4
Distribution and Properties of Lignin
  • Xylem (wood)
  • Tracheids
  • Vessels
  • Fibers
  • Sclereids
  • Makes wood durable, resistant, rigid
  • Polymer of phenolic alcohols

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Partial structure of lignin from beech
7
Brown Rot Decay
8
Serpula lacrymans Dry Rot Fungi
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White Rot Fungi
13
Enzymes for Lignin Decomposition
  • Lignin peroxidase
  • Manganese peroxidase
  • H2O2 generating enzymes
  • Laccase

14
Laccase action
Bacterial degradation
Fungal laccase
15
Trametes versicolor
16
Xylaria - Dead mans fingers
17
Xylaria polymorpha
18
Ganoderma applanatum
19
Pleurotus ostreatus
20
Compost Temperatures
21
Compost Fungal Decompositon
  • Weak parasites and pioneer saprobes
  • Cellulolytic
  • Degraders of recalcitrant polymers

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Aspergillus
31
Conidiophore of Aspergillus fumigatus
32
Aspergillosis
  • Affected tissues may include
  • Lungs
  • Bronchial airways
  • Sinus cavities
  • GI tract, brain, liver, kidneys
  • Eye and ears
  • The three principal forms
  • allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
  • pulmonary aspergilloma
  • invasive aspergillosis

33
Aspergilloma
34
Invasive Aspergillosis
35
Aspergillus fumigatus
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