Compost and Wood Rot Fungi

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Compost and Wood Rot Fungi
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Decomposition of Plant Biomass

• Weakly parasitic
• Sugar Fungi Mucorales (in the Zygomycota)
• Cellulolytic
• Lignolytic

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Plant Cell Walls

• Primary Wall
• Cellulose - 25
• Protein - 10
• Other Polysaccharides 65
• Secondary Walls
• Cellulose - 44
• Lignin 26 (2nd most abundant cmpd)
• Hemicellulose - 30

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Distribution and Properties of Lignin

• Xylem (wood)
• Tracheids
• Vessels
• Fibers
• Sclereids
• Makes wood durable, resistant, rigid
• Polymer of phenolic alcohols

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Partial structure of lignin from beech
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Brown Rot Decay
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Serpula lacrymans Dry Rot Fungi
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White Rot Fungi
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Enzymes for Lignin Decomposition

• Lignin peroxidase
• Manganese peroxidase
• H2O2 generating enzymes
• Laccase

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Laccase action
Bacterial degradation
Fungal laccase
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Trametes versicolor
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Xylaria - Dead mans fingers
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Xylaria polymorpha
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Ganoderma applanatum
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Pleurotus ostreatus
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Compost Temperatures
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Compost Fungal Decompositon

• Weak parasites and pioneer saprobes
• Cellulolytic
• Degraders of recalcitrant polymers

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Aspergillus
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Conidiophore of Aspergillus fumigatus
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Aspergillosis

• Affected tissues may include
• Lungs
• Bronchial airways
• Sinus cavities
• GI tract, brain, liver, kidneys
• Eye and ears
• The three principal forms
• allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
• pulmonary aspergilloma
• invasive aspergillosis

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Aspergilloma
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Invasive Aspergillosis
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Aspergillus fumigatus