Kingdom Fungi

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Kingdom Fungi
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Basic Characteristics

• Why are Fungi NOT plants or animals?
• Characteristics
• Heterotrophic decomposers
• Multi cellular except for yeast
• Cell walls of Chitin structural carbohydrate
• Must absorb NOT ingest food
• Digestion actually happens outside the body!
• Can be parasitic ringworm, athletes foot

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Ecology of Fungi

• Most are Saprobes fungi that obtain food by
  breaking down dead and decaying orgs
• Can be predators
• Some fungi poison and decompose worms which feed
  on them
• Some Fungi are pathogenic
• Plant diseases Rusts, Root Rot
• Animal diseases - Ringworm, Yeast infections,
  Athletes Foot

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4. Fungi Structure

• All Fungi except for yeast are made of Hyphae
• Each Hypha is one cell, can have 1 or 2 nuclei
  free to move or not
• Body of Fungi is called Mycelium many hyphae
  tangled together
• Fruiting Body reproductive part of underground
  mycelium

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5. A Fairy Ring

• a) Why does this happen?
• b) Is this all one organism?
• (think about the answer first, then turn the page)

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7. Reproduction

• Reproduce both Asexually and Sexually
• Asexual - 2 ways
• 1. Hyphae break off forms a new organism
• 2. Produce Spores reproductive cell made by
  mitosis
• Spores are found everywhere!
• Chance of spore germinating is 1 in a billion!
• Needs warm, moist environment

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Asexual Reproduction in Action

• What is happening in this photo?

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8. Reproduction

• Sexual Reproduction
• 2 different mating types () and (-)
• Hyphae of opposite mating types meet and fuse
  (Opposites attract!)
• 2 haploid gametes fuse make diploid zygote

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10. Classification of Fungi

• Classified by structure (hyphae) and
  reproduction methods
• 1. Phylum Zygomycota Common Molds
• Ex Bread Mold
• 2. Phylum Ascomycota Sac Fungi
• Cup Fungi, Yeasts
• 3. Phylum Basidiomycota Club Fungi
• Mushrooms
• 4. Phylum Deuteromycota Imperfect Fungi
• Catch all Ex Penicillium

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11. Group 1 Phylum Zygomycota

• Zygote fungi / common mold
• Molds on meat, cheese, and bread
• Have 3 Types of Hyphae
• Stolons Stem like hyphae (the only part we see
  on food)
• Rhiziods Root like hyphae
• Sporangiophores
• Sexual and Asexual life stages
• Ex) Rhizopus (bread mold)

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Life Cycle of Phylum Zygomycota
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13. Group 2 Phylum Ascomycota

• Sac fungi (named for the sac-like reproductive
  structure, the ascus)
• Ascus
• Reproductive structure that makes/contains spores
• Visible and microscopic
• Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
• Ex) Yeast (unicellular-no hyphae important in
  baking and brewing industries), powdery mildew,
  some food molds

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14. Ascomycetes Life Cycle
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Ascomycota Ex Yeast

• Unicellular fungi
• Have ascus and produce ascospores
• Dry granules are ascospores!
• Activate in moist conditions
• Can see asexual reproduction
• Baking Yeast
• use alcohol fermentation to obtain energy
• Sugar used as food, give off alcohol, CO2
• CO2 is why bread rises

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15. Group 3 Phylum Basidiomycota

• Club fungi
• Reproductive Structure looks like a club
• Called a fruiting body (where spores are made)
• Common Mushrooms (Edible, Medicinal, Poisonous),
  puffballs
• Mycelium underground grow very large and survive
  a long time
• Largest organism in the world is a club fungi
• Fruiting bodies are the visible mushrooms

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16. Phylum BasidiomycotaLife Cycle
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17. Group 4 Phylum Deuteromycota

• Imperfect fungi /
• Extremely varied Phylum
• Grab Bag whatever does not fit in others
• Reproduce Asexually by spores
• Ex Penicillium notatum
• Grows on fruit
• Source of antibiotic penicillin
• Also used in candies, jams/jellies, cheese, etc.