WWII

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WWII

• Early actions and causes

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Axis disobedience

• Italy Mussolini invades Ethiopia, betrays
  League of Nations.
• Germany Hitler creates German Army betrays
  Treaty of Versailles.

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1st Gamble of Hitler

• 1936, Germany invades The Rhineland (between
  Germany and France).
• France loses chance to stop Hitler.
• -German army still weak.

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2nd Gamble of Hitler

• 1936, Germany invades Sudetanland (Czech
  Republic).
• Again, French back down.
• Why are the French
• So passive?

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Reasons for French Passive nature

• 1. WWI (France did not want another big war.)
• 2. Fear of Communism. (A powerful Germany may
  create a balance.)
• 3. Hitler himself. (very persuasive, made France
  believe his goals were limited.)

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Munich Conference, 1938
Eduard Daladier, France
Neville Chamberlain, Great Britain
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Results _at_ Munich

• Leaders agree to give Hitler Sudetanland.
• Hitler pledges to not invade any more countries.
• Chamberlain viewed as a hero.

One of Hitlers paintingsnot bad
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Munich conference, no Stalin?
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3rd Gamble of Hitler

• 1939, Germany invades Poland.
• Breaks agreement _at_ Munich.
• WWII Has Officially Begun!!

www.catsthatlooklikehitler.com, This is a Kittler
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• WWII Blitzkrieg on Poland, Belgium, and France

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Appeasement

• Unsuccessful policy.
• Hitlers army now much more powerful.

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Hitler Stalin

• Non-Aggression Pact (1939) stuns Allies
• -agreement between Stalin and Hitler to not
  attack each other.
• -Germany and Russia split Poland.

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Hitlers Military tactics

• Blitzkrieg
• -lightning war, swift tactics lead to defeat of
  Poland.
• 3 part attack planes, tanks, troops.

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Blitzkrieg!
Poland is Ours!
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More Blitzkrieg

• German forces move swiftly through Denmark,
  Belgium, Holland. (1940)
• Now much stronger, Hitler defeats French, takes
  Paris.
• -Vichy Gov. established
• (puppet state)

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What next?

• Great Britain only Allied Power left.
• Winston Churchill replace Chamberlain as prime
  minister.

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• WWII Battle of Britain, U.S. Aid, and Hitlers
  big mistake

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Great Britain/U.S. Alliance

• Neutrality Act (1939)
• -sale of arms to warring nations
• Lend-Lease Act (1941)
• -7 billion in arms to non-Axis countries.
• FDR Churchill, are BFFs.

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Battle of Britain (1940)

• Germany and Britain bomb each other.
• tremendous casualties.
• Results in a draw.

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Very
FRUSTRATED!!!
Hitler
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Hitlers Big Mistake

• Invades Russia.
• Now fighting war on 2 fronts.
• Angers Stalin.
• Britain recovers.
• NEXT Allied retaliation, Japan enters the mix.

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U.S.A/Japan

• Hideki Tojo, wants to expand.
• Technologically advanced.
• Wanted to unite Asian world.
• Invades China S.E. Asia

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U.S. Reaction

• FDR imposes trade embargo on iron and steel.
• -angers Japan, continues to invade.
• FDR stops exports of oil and seizes Japanese
  embassy in U.S.A.

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December 7th, 1941

• a date which will live in infamy.
• Japanese attack Pearl Harbor.
• Kill 2,000 U.S. Troops.
• 150 aircraft, 18 ships destroyed.
• U.S. declares war on Japan.
• Alliances go into effect.

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Early Victories over Japan

• After Pearl Harbor, Japan seizes U.S. Pacific
  bases.
• U.S. Achieves 3 major victories by 1943
• -Midway, 1942
• -Coral Sea, 1942
• -Guadalcanal, 1943
• U.S. now on Offensive in Pacific war.

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Island Hopping

• Policy of taking islands of strategic value.
• Chester Nimitz and Douglas MacArthur, 2 important
  military leaders for U.S.
• Leads to victories in Okinawa, Iwo Jima, Leyte
  Gulf, Saipan, etc
• Japanese refuse to surrender.

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End of WWII

• Island Hopping successful, Japan wont back down.
• Manhattan Project
• -Einstein tells FDR about A bomb.
• -secretive project to build bomb begins.

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Trumans decision

• Takes over after FDRs death.
• 2 options 1. Invade Japan.
• 2.drop A bomb.

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Europes soft underbelly
Churchills quote. In order to defeat the Axis
powers, Attack through Italy first. Part of a 3
part plan to take back Europe.
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STALINGRAD
FRANCE
D-DAY
GERMANY
ITALY
N. AFRICA, LIB. OF ROME
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End of fighting

• August 1945, bombs explode in Hiroshima and
  Nagasaki.
• Axis surrenders.
• 40-60 million deaths in WWII!
• Hitler commits suicide, Mussolini hanged, FDR
  dies, Stalin/Churchill live on.

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Post war conferences

• Casablanca, Jan. 1943
• Tehran, Nov.-Dec. 1943
• Yalta, Feb, 1945
• Potsdam, July 1945.
• all focus on the post war world and how to fix
  it.

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Nuremburg Trials

• Nuremburg Germany.
• Allies punish designers of Holocaust.
• 24 convicted, 12 given death sentence.
• Some high ranking Nazis has escaped to Argentina.
  (Mengele)

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Angel of Death
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Human experimentation

• Mengele used Auschwitz as an opportunity to
  continue his research on heredity, using inmates
  for human experimentation. He was particularly
  interested in twins, who were selected and placed
  in special barracks. He also studied a disease
  called Noma, which particularly affected children
  from the Gypsy camp. While the cause of Noma
  remains relatively unknown, it is now known that
  it affects chiefly children suffering from
  malnutrition and a weak immune system, and many
  develop the disease shortly after having suffered
  another illness like measles or tuberculosis.
  Mengele tried to prove that Noma was caused by
  racial inferiority.4
• Mengele took an interest in physical
  abnormalities discovered among the arrivals at
  the concentration camp. This included dwarves,
  notably the Ovitz family, a Jewish Romanian
  artist's family, seven of whose ten members were
  dwarves. Prior to their deportation they toured
  in Eastern Europe as the Lilliput Troupe. He
  often called them "my dwarf family" to him they
  seemed to be the perfect expression of "the
  abnorm."
• Not all of Mengele's experiments were of
  scientific value, including attempts to change
  eye color by injecting chemicals into children's
  eyes, various amputations of limbs and other
  brutal surgeries. Rena Gelissen's account of her
  time in Auschwitz details certain experiments
  performed on female prisoners around October
  1943. During roll calls Mengele would show up to
  perform a "special work detail" selection, which
  fooled some into thinking that this would be a
  relief from the otherwise hard labour they were
  performing. Mengele would experiment on the
  chosen girls, performing sterilization and shock
  treatments. Most of the victims died, either due
  to the experiments or later infections.
• A Hungarian Jewish prisoner doctor, Miklos
  Nyiszli, who was an experienced pathologist and
  had studied in Germany, was chosen to work as
  Mengele's assistant, and wrote about his
  experiences. The subjects of Mengele's research
  were better fed and housed than ordinary
  prisoners and were, for the time being, safe from
  the gas chambers. To Mengele they were
  nevertheless not fellow human beings, but rather
  material on which to conduct his experiments. On
  several occasions he killed subjects simply to be
  able to dissect them afterwards.1

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United Nations

• Grew from League of nations.
• Forum for countries to have a say on world
  policy.
• Japan and Germany were excluded.