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Vitamin E

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Normalt er det en balanse mellom pro-oksidanter & anti-oksidanter i kroppen ... Peroxidation of lipids in foods causes rancidity R. Glutation (red) Glutation (oks) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Vitamin E


1
Vitamin E
Christian A. Drevon http//folk.uio.no/christia/
2
Hva er oksidativt stress?
Pro-oksidant
Anti-oksidant
  • Normalt er det en balanse mellom pro-oksidanter
    anti-oksidanter i kroppen
  • Oksidativt stress når denne balansen er forskøvet
  • For mye frie radikaler eller prooksidanter
  • For stor produksjon
  • Økt opptak fra miljøet
  • For lite antioksidanter
  • For liten produksjon
  • Redusert inntak i kosten

3
Oxidation reduction
  • Oxidation is increase in oxidation state
    decrease of electrons
  • Reduction is an decrease in oxidation state
    increase of electrons
  • 2Na Cl2 --gt 2NaCl
  • Na is oxidized (reducing agent)
  • Cl2 is reduced (oxidizing agent)

4
Oksidativt stress sykdom
Oksidativt stress er en del av, eller påvirker
utviklingen av en rekke sykdommer
  • Hjerte og karsykdommer
  • Kreft
  • Katarakt
  • Alzheimer
  • Diabetes
  • Parkinson
  • AIDS

5
Free radicals
  • Any atom/molecule containing one or more unpaired
    electron
  • Atomic molecular orbitrals usually contain two
    electrons, with spin quantum of 1/2 and -1/2
  • Unpaired electrons usually increases chemical
    reactivity
  • Chemical reactivity varies enormously between
    different types of radicals

6
Free radical reactions
  • Two free radicals may join their unpaired
    electrons to make a pair (covalent binding)
  • Most molecules in the body are not radicals
  • Most often, a free radical reaction will generate
    a new free radical (chain reaction)

7
Free radicals in the body
Hydroxyl radical, OH.
  • Low-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (g rays)
    can split water to generate hydroxyl radical, OH.
  • This radical reacts with close molecules

Nitric oxide, NO.
  • A physiological signal to regulate blood pressue
    intracellular signalling
  • Too much NO. can be toxic is important in
    several diseases such as septic shock

8
Frie radikaler kan skade
  • DNA
  • Lipider/fettstoffer
  • Proteiner

9
O2 er et naturlig diradikal
O2
10
.
Reaktive oksygen forbindelser
.
Superoksyd anion O2.-
Hydroksyl radikal HO.
Peroksyd radikal ROO.
O2 - superoksyd anion
11
Eksempel på fri radikal produksjon
Oksydative burst
Makrofag
12
Antioxidant definition
  • An antioxidant is any substance that, in low
    concentration compared to the oxidisable
    substrate, significantly delays oxidation of the
    substrate
  • An antioxidant is a substance that reduce
    oxidative stress

13
Mange typer antioksidanter
  • Lipidløselige
  • Vitamin E er kvantitativt viktig
  • Karotenoider ( 1000 stk)
  • a-, b-karoten, lykopen, zexanthin
  • Vannløselige
  • Vitamin C
  • Polyfenoler
  • Quercetin
  • Glutathion

14
Tocopherols
  • In membranes lipoproteins
  • Block the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation by
    scavenging peroxyl radicals
  • The tocopherol radical is much less reactive
  • The tocopherol radical can be converted to
    tocopherol by ascorbic acid

Scavenging peroxyl radicals
O2 .
O2 H
TH
C
T .
C


15
Ascorbic acid
Assists tocopherols in inhibiting lipid
peroxidation by recycling tocopherol radicals
Recycling tocopherol radicals
16
Vitamin E
Fettløselig Alle 8 formene av vitamin E finnes i
vegetabilsk mat I preparater brukes fortrinnsvis
a-tocopherolacetat eller andre esterforbindelser
17
Former for vitamin E
R
R
a
b
R sidekjede
R
R
g
d
18
Former av vitamin E
Hringstruktur
H
Mettet sidekjede tokoferoler
H
Umettet sidekjede tokotrienoler
19
Vit. E i kosten
Galle Pankreas enzymer inkl. lipase
Kylomikron med vit. E
Miceller
Vit. E
Kylomikron restpartikkel
Tynntarm
Lipase
Lever
a-TTP
LDL Vit. E
Vit. E
VLDL
Opptak i celler i perifert vev
20
Effekt av oksygenradikaler på lipider
Lipidperoksidering
O2 .-
eller OH.
H
Oksydert LDL
21
Vitamin E lipoproteiner
Lipoprotein
Frie radikaler Reaktive oksygen forbindelser
LDL med a-tokoferol
Fettmolekyler
LDL
Normal vitamin E status
22
Vitamin E lipoproteiner
Oksiderte fettmolekyler
Oksidert protein
Frie radikaler Reaktive oksigen forbindelser
Oksidert LDL
LDL
For lite vitamin E
23
Lipid peroxidation
  • Attack of one free radical can oxidise many fatty
    acids to lipid peroxides
  • Hydroxyl radicals stimulate lipid peroxidation
  • Peroxidation of lipids in foods causes rancidity

1. Formation of carbon radical
X .
XH
C .


2. Formation of peroxyl radical
O2 .
C .
O2
C

3. Formation of a new carbon radical lipid
peroxide
O2 .
O2 H
H
C
C
C .
C


24
(No Transcript)
25
Vitamin E og C som antioksydanter
.
.
.
.
.
R.
.
a-tocopherol radikal
a-tocopherol
Glutation (red)
Vitamin C
Glutation reduktase
Dehydroksy vitamin C
Glutation (oks)
a-tocopherol
26
Vitamin E anbefalinger
Det er ingen sikker skadelig effekt av inntak av
mye vitamin E, doser opptil 200-600 mg tocoferol
pr. dag synes ikke å gi toksiske effekter. Høye
doser kan føre til kvalme og diaré.
27
I hvilke matvarer finnes vitamin E?
Syntetiseres bare i planter. Små mengder i mat av
animalsk opprinnelse
Soyaolje
Hvetekimolje
Solsikkeolje
Maisolje
Palmeolje
Avokado
Mango
Nøtter
28
g-tokoferol
g-tokoferol har en annen kjemi enn a-tokoferol
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