1.1 P 1

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Introduction to Community Asset
Management(CAM)
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Community Asset Management

• Introduction
• Community asset management envisages improved
  capacity for the management, life-time planning,
  construction and physical maintenance of common
  assets to be carried out by the communities of
  the urban poor themselves in partnership, where
  appropriate, with local government, local
  businesses, NGOs, state and national government
  on one hand, and with technical maintenance
  service providers, such as Building Centres, on
  the other

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Conceptual Framework

• The three-circle diagram represents the concept
  behind the preparation of this tool kit.
• Placing an asset at the centre, the training
  programme looks at the most important tasks each
  of the three categories of stakeholders namely
  the community, the technical service providers
  and the asset owners

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Conceptual Framework

• ASSET-OWNERS
• Asset-owners refers to all agencies which own
  these public assets, State or Central Government
  departments such as the Education department
  (schools), the Health Department (Primary Health
  Centres) or the State Housing Boards/Development
  Authorities and the Municipal Corporations
• COMMUNITY 
• Communities form the second group of
  stakeholders, and refer to the specific group of
  people who are benefited by the building/use
  it/are affected by its physical condition

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Conceptual Framework

• TECHNICAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
•  The term technical service providers here refer
  to agencies/ building centers who are charged
  with the task of carrying out maintenance
  activities and require technical skill and
  expertise for the same. Building Centre are best
  suited to be these service providers

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• Partnership with each other

• Direct reporting system to avoid time delays

• Accept ownership of the asset

• Inventory and Condition Surveys of Buildings
  and other assets

• Accept housekeeping responsibilities

• Budgeting and maintenance schedules

• Contribute to condition survey and repair

• Acceptance that users can help in maintenance

ASSET

• Contribution NOT to be taken for
• granted

• Attitude of engineers to community to change

Partnership, including private participation
between each other for maintenance

• Develop maintenance skill and know-how

• Links between each other to be strengthened

• Market these skills

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CAM Field Research in India

• As part of the community asset management
  project, field-work was conducted in three cities
  - Hyderabad, Bhubaneswar and Ranchi during
  March-May 2001. The purpose was
• To understand the PREPAREDNESS for community
  asset management,
• DEMAND for technical advice on community asset
  management and
• the SUPPLY of technical advice through the
  building centres.

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CAM Field Research in India

• In each city the team selected two authorised
  settlement sites for detailed local survey and
  interviews.
• Four main groups were consulted as part of the
  field research - the local authorities, the users
  and current managers of the community buildings,
  the individual households and building centres in
  each respective area.

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Observation on Demand

• More people, even in the poorer communities,
  contribute financially to their community
  buildings rather than through physical effort or
  both
• Cultural buildings tend to be developed on a
  regular basis on the initiative of the community
• Buildings suffer neglect if there is dependency
  on landlords, engineering departments or NGOs.
  However, in most cases users are aware of
  maintenance problems, although they may not know
  the correct reason for them or the techniques of
  correction

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Observation on Demand

• The accommodation of one in six households was in
  need of major repair. People are likely to spend
  consistently on repair where the users better
  understand maintenance tasks.

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Observation on Preparedness

• local authorities do not have the most up to date
  information about community assets, their current
  state, the resources available to manage them,
  and even resources already spent on their
  management
• Overall the delivery of national policies on
  public participation, decentralisation and
  community development to local communities is a
  success.

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Observation on Preparedness

• Although local administration is implementing
  community friendly policies, their own practice
  has not fallen in line and they are unable to
  communicate the programme aims to their own
  departments or to the target groups.
• Most respondents could not elaborate upon the way
  community buildings were managed or maintained
  and how their contributions were used.

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Observation on Supply

• Overall the building centres have good
  infrastructure, but production of building
  materials is the main activity.
• Wherever training programmes are being conducted,
  the maintenance aspect is not taught.
• Amongst the artisans, there is general lack of
  awareness about the employment opportunities
  after training in maintenance.
• Maintenance related work is not looked upon as a
  profitable venture by those artisans that were
  interviewed.

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State of Preparedness Relative Training

• Municipal Corporation workers may benefit from
  awareness training in community asset management,
  skills in out-reach to community networks and
  technical training to engineers on conducting
  maintenance works and technical training to
  community liaison workers to identify community
  needs
• NGOs may benefit from awareness training about
  maintenance and its technical aspects

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State of Demand Relative Training

• Empowering people in charge of community
  buildings and providing them with training in
  technical aspects identifying and supervising
  maintenance works, resources management and
  working with the community

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State of Supply Relative Training

• For Building Centres Managers training they
  receive must have technical aspects of
  maintenance and training in community out-reach
  and building a profile of an efficient and
  quality centre for supply of building products
• Artisans training in technical aspect of
  maintenance is mandatory

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UK Study Visit

• A team from India working on the project went on
  a 12-day visit to the United Kingdom which
  covered London, Bristol, Dudley and Liecester
• Lewisham Community Refurbishment Scheme (CRS)
• The CRS scheme offered training and employment to
  local youth in construction. This was linked to a
  repairs programme, since most of the Council
  housing (government-owned ) was in a very bad
  shape and in need of repair The scheme brought a
  marked improvement in indicators such as drug
  abuse cases and teenage pregnancies.

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UK Study Visit

• On-Site Bristol
• This is an example of a partnership between a
  city council, and two Govt. Departments which is
  working very well. The key is perhaps the tie up
  with on-going site work/ projects for employment,
  and this is also linked to National Vocational
  Qualifications (NVQ) qualifications.
• Apart from socio-economic details, work record
  (includes details of previous employment and
  special comments) The computer in the on-site
  office is also connected on-line to the computer
  at the job centre (equivalent of our employment
  office) and job vacancies are also known through
  this. This matching ensures connection between
  demand supply.

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UK Study Visit

• Community Refurbishment Scheme, Dudley
• This scheme forms part of the community
  development plan for the Burough.
• The Role of CRS as part of the community
  development plan, is to complete physical
  environmental improvements to both land and
  houses, linked to structured training for
  unemployed people.
• With all training linked to real work for real
  people to agreed and monitored standards, we are
  able to equip trainees with the skills and work
  experience demanded by employers, which is not
  possible through training in simulated settings
  or classrooms.
•  

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UK Study Visit

• Community Refurbishment Scheme, Dudley
• Some of the trainees live in conditions, which
  are not conductive for learning, which may
  include homelessness, a poor living environment,
  etc. In recognition of this, the CRS developed
  the Live Learn Centre, based on the Priory
  estate.

CRS trainees

• The centre offers sheltered living accommodations
  for up to 14 residents, who have access to one of
  our training courses. Our aim is moving residents
  onto independent living and employment or
  mainstream education.

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UK Study Visit

• Leicester Development Plan, Leicester
• Modern Leicester is the biggest city in the East
  Midlands and a successful commercial and
  manufacturing centre.
• Leicester is also renowned for its provision of
  culture activities through its museums, sports
  facilities and parks.
• Leicester has gained international recognition as
  Britains first Environment City and more
  recently earned the prestigious title of European
  Sustainable City. These developments have brought
  economic growth and improvements in standards of
  living.

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UK Study Visit

• Leicester Partnership for the Future?
• Leicester Partnership for the Future (LPF) was
  launched in 1998 to bring together some key
  players and representatives of the Leicester
  community.
• Two levels of membership,
• The strategic coordinators group
• The local supporters group

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UK Study Visit

• Leicester Partnership for the Future?
• The strategic coordinators group is chaired by
  the Leader of the City Council and has
  representatives from the Young People's Council,
  Higher Education, Schools, the Police, the Health
  Authority, the Chamber of Commerce and a range of
  voluntary organisations.
• In addition there is a broad-based group of local
  supporters who represent a range of individual
  interests, groups and organisations. Together,
  they have a vision.

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UK Study Visit

• Partnership vision is for Leicester to be,
•   a premier city in Europe with a thriving
  and diverse society in which everyone is involved
  and in which everyone can have a decent, a happy
  and fulfilling life. A city with a strong
  economy, a healthy, caring and educated society,
  a safe and attractive environment, and an
  improving quality of life - a sustainable city.
•  
• The LPF is responsible for making sure the
  Community Plan does its job.

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UK Study Visit

• The LPF group worked with the business
  sector, the public sector, voluntary sector,
  voluntary organisations and focus groups to work
  out what needs to be done. The priority areas
  identified were
•  Diversity
• Community Safety
• Education
• Health Social Care
• Environment Jobs Regenerations
• Each priority area has a number of
  indicators. These are set out next to the goals

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RUP-APPEP Project Ten Major Achievements

• 1. Capacity building of the community and
  grassroots engineers
• Learning proper housekeeping that will keep
  defects away from the buildings
• Detection of distress in the buildings
• Site level management for the repair work -
  Quality control of the construction work
  -Maintaining accounts
• How to estimate costs of construction works

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RUP-APPEP Project Ten Major Achievements

• 2. Community ownership
• Involvement of the community in the condition
  survey and the planning and implementation of
  repairs has developed a greater sense of
  ownership. Some of the schoolteachers have
  tremendous creative abilities, which have turned
  out to be an asset in improving the school
  environment.
• 3. Cost reduction
• Involvement of the community in decision-making
  has reduced the cost of materials and labour
  charges. In some schools active participation of
  the schoolteachers and students in work such as
  painting has also reduced the overall cost.

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RUP-APPEP Project Ten Major Achievements

• 4. The perception of the community on maintenance
  was changed
• Earlier, the community had little or no interest
  in maintenance, which was left to the engineers
  and the contractors. In the present programme,
  repair work was integrated with the teaching and
  learning process as an exercise of observation
  and analysis. This showed the users of the
  schools a different and better way to improve the
  school environment and generated interest in the
  process.
• 5. The local school became a source of learning
  for the entire community
• While interacting with the community, the idea
  came up of writing slogans for campaigns related
  to health or the education of girls on the school
  walls, which is visually accessible to the
  community.

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RUP-APPEP Project Ten Major Achievements

• 6. Transparency in financial transactions of
  public funds
• Periodic meetings with the community regarding
  financial expenditure have contributed to
  transparency in the process.
• In general, the increased involvement of the
  schoolmasters has contributed much to the
  transparency. Vigilance of the community through
  awareness has been another factor.
• 7. A further step towards assessing Low Cost
  Construction (LCC)
• Inadequate information on LCC has been the major
  deterrent for the dissemination of CECT, since
  its sustainability could not be ascertained. The
  buildings have withstood both the environment and
  varied climatic conditions for almost five years
  and hence the present exercise has provided a
  reliable set of data for calculating the LCC of
  all the technologies used

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RUP-APPEP Project Ten Major Achievements

• 8. Analysis of rates for repair works introduced
  
• Analysis of rates for repair work has been the
  weakest link in the maintenance chain. Rates
  related to a standard meant for new
  infrastructure were applied to repair work, which
  are impractical to maintain quality work. This
  usually defeats the purpose. Poor repair has to
  be repeated time and again. The present project
  has provided an accurate basis for analysis of
  rates for repair works.
• 9. An understanding of pre-emptive maintenance
• Defects that can be avoided at the planning and
  design stage were identified. Repetition of one
  technology in several buildings and the
  recurrence of a particular type of defect have
  made the work of diagnosis easier. The result of
  the research will help in creating improved new
  infrastructure.

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RUP-APPEP Project Ten Major Achievements

• 10. The community as the alternative
  implementation agency for maintenance
• At present the maintenance of education
  infrastructure is usually carried out by the
  district administration appointing local
  contractors, whose main objective is to maximise
  their profit. The quality of such repair work is
  bound to suffer specially when the contractor
  works with impractical notes and brief.
• .