Trees of the SMC Nature Area

1
Trees of the SMC Nature Area

• Sarah DeAngelo
• Saint Marys College
• Notre Dame, Indiana

2
Trees of the Nature Area Part I

• Shagbark-Hickory
• Carya ovata K.
• Found in the deciduous woods mixed with oaks .
  Can get up to 100ft. Has shaggy bark.
• Flowers are unisexual on same tree. Fruits are
  large globe-shaped nuts. Kernels are sweet and
  edible.
• Leaves alternate, compound on twig, singly
  compound.
• Twigs are gray to red-brown, hairy when young.
  Leaf Scars are triangular.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

3
Trees of the Nature Area

• American Sycamore
• Platanus occidentalis L.
• Large trees with white bark on upper trunk and
  limbs. Leaves are large maple like. Fruit is a
  sycamore ball on drooping stem.
• Leaves are alternate simple, borne on singly long
  hairy leaf stalks. Blades nearly circular in
  outlines. This tree is found on rich bottom
  lands of creeks and rivers, around lakes and
  ponds, and invades old fields.
• Ornamental, but has messy shedding of bark. Wood
  is hard and tough occasionally used for
  furniture.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana Jackson 2004

4
Trees of the Nature Area

• Black Walnut
• Juglans nigra
• Flowers are unisexual on same tree. Fruits are
  large globe-shaped nuts. Kernels are sweet and
  edible.
• Leaves alternate, compound on twig, singly
  compound.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

5
Trees of the Nature Area

• Eastern Red Cedar
• Juniperus virginiana L.
• Small to Medium Evergreen (to 50 ft tall).
  Narrow, cone-shaped or rounded crown.
• Awl-shaped leaves scaly appear braided
• Fruits round, dark blue, berry-like, smell like
  dry gin.
• Found in deciduous forest, abandoned fields,
  fencerows, dry woods, rocky bluffs and cliffs.
• Bark is thin reddish-brown separating into long
  shreds.
• Flowers are unisexual on separate trees
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

6
Trees of the Nature Area

• White Oak
• Quercus alba L.
• Large Trees (up to 100ft tall). Has a broad
  rounded crown of heavy branches. Leaves
  alternate with rounded deep lobes. Terminal buds
  rounded, clustered. Pith are star-shaped.
• Fruit is an acorn, oblong, greenish-brown.
• Bark is thick, light-ash gray. Has loose
  vertical scales, becoming blocky on old trees.
  Unisexual flowers are yellow.
• source 101Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

7
Trees of the Nature Area

• Black Oak
• Quercus velutina Lam.
• Tree of medium to large size with a broad rounded
  crown. Leaves alternate on twig, on long leaf
  stalks. Blades are leathery, deeply divided into
  5-9 bristle tips, having a sharp point at the
  tip.
• The leaves are dark green and glossy. The bark is
  smooth brown-black on young trees, and hard,
  furrowed on mature.
• The Buds are clustered at branch end, oval
  pointed and covered with gray wool.
• The Black Oak is mostly found in dry upland
  forests, upper slopes, and dry rocky or sandy
  ridges.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

8
Trees of the Nature Area

• Witch Hazel
• Hamamelis virginiana L.
• It is a large shrub or small tree with a
  misshapen, spreading, crown. Has delicate yellow
  flowers in autumn.
• Leaves alternate on short leaf stalks and are
  oval with a lopsided base leaf edges have widely
  spaced rounded teeth. They are dull and green
  above and hairy and lighter below.
• Bark is thin and often scaly. It is usually
  encountered in moist woods, ravines, or along
  streams.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

9
Trees of the Nature Area

• American Elm
• Ulmus americana L.
• Has a broad , rounded crown. Leaves alternate on
  twig, borne singly on very short yellow stems.
  The edges are doubly saw-toothed upper surface
  is dark green and smooth.
• Bark is medium to dark gray A cross section of a
  piece of bark reveals alternating layers of
  nearly white cork and dark reddish-brown fiber.
• Fruits dry in dense clusters. This tree is
  usually found in bottomland forest, along streams
  and on flood plains moist ravines and old
  fields.
• Was once the most popular shade and ornamental
  tree in the eastern U.S.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

10
Trees of the Nature Area

• Tulip Tree
• Liriodendron tulipifera L.
• Leaves alternate on twig, simple borne on single
  long leafstalks. The leaves edges are smooth and
  bright green.
• Bark is thin, gray-whitish within fissures. The
  bisexual flowers borne singly in May large
  cup-shaped and tulip like six green and orange,
  waxy petals. The fruit is an upright cone-like
  cluster of many seeds.
• This tree is mostly found in upland woods with
  rich, moist soil.
• The Tulip Tree is Indianas State tree, and is
  called yellow poplar, by foresters.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

11
Trees of the Nature Area

• Red Bud
• Cercis canadensis L.
• A small tree with a spreading crown often with
  multiple trunks.
• Leaves are alternate, with the leaf stem being
  enlarged and fleshy. The blades are broad and
  heart-shaped with smooth edges and dull point.
• Bark is dark gray, thin and becomes scaly with
  age.
• Twigs are slender, brown and often warty. The
  bisexual flowers that bloom in spring are
  rose-pink/red.
• This type of tree is usually found near rich
  moist, woods, roadsides, and woodland boarders.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

12
Trees of the Nature Area

• American Elm
• Ulmus americana L.
• Has a broad , rounded crown. Leaves alternate on
  twig, borne singly on very short yellow stems.
  The edges are doubly saw-toothed upper surface
  is dark green and smooth.
• Bark is medium to dark gray A cross section of a
  piece of bark reveals alternating layers of
  nearly white cork and dark reddish-brown fiber.
• Fruits dry in dense clusters. This tree is
  usually found in bottomland forest, along streams
  and on flood plains moist ravines and old
  fields.
• Was once the most popular shade and ornamental
  tree in the eastern U.S.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

13
Trees of the Nature Area

• Osage-Orange
• Malcura pomifera (Raf). C.K. Schneider.
• A short, medium sized tree with rounded growth
  form. Leaves alternate on twig. The blades are
  oval with long tapering tipos edges smooth dark
  green and shiny above, paler and somewhat hairy
  below.
• This tree usually can be located near hedgerows,
  old pasture fields, and in low-ground woods. It
  was introduced to Indiana only a century ago,
  being native to Southwest Arkansas, Oklahoma,
  Louisiana, and Eastern Texas. Used by native
  Americans as bow wood. The fruit is called a
  hedge-apple which is also another name for the
  tree, or tree of the arc. Its French name is
  commonly known as Bois darc.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

14
Trees of the Nature Area

• Northern Hackberry Hackberry
• Celtis occidentalis L.
• Medium to large tree with simple alternate
  leaves. Leaves are alternate on twigs borne
  singly on short leafstalks. Blades are long
  pointed, base uneven, edges toothed. Leaf
  surfaces are often fleshy galls.
• Bark Gray to Brown and smooth on young trees
  soon covered with warty bumps. Mature trees have
  dark gray roughened ridges.
• Flowers/Fruits Unisexual or bisexual on same
  tree green without petals Fruits are
  brown-purple when mature.
• Is usually found along streams, on flood plains
  or in low wet woods. Sometimes in moist upland
  woods. Crowns often have twiggy witches brooms.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

15
Trees of the Nature Area

• Sugar Maple
• Acer saccharum Marshall.
• Large, handsome tree with dense, broad, rounded
  tree found in moist upland sites with deep
  fertile soils. Aggressive reproduction under
  forest canopies permits it to replace oaks in
  many stands.
• Leaves opposite on twig, simple borne on
  slender leaf stalks. Lobes hand like, 5-lobed
  with wide notches rounded at ankles.
• Bark Smooth, gray to pale tan when young,
  becoming dark gray and deeply furrowed to shaggy
  with age.
• Flowers yellow green without petals, unisexual.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

16
Trees of the Nature Area

• Green Ash
• Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall.
• Leaves are opposite compound. Bark with diamond
  fissures. Opposite on twig, lance-shaped
  leaflets with toothed to smooth edgeshairless.
• Bark Light brow-gray to medium gray with diamond
  shaped furrows between flat, scaly ridges.
• Flowers are unisexual and without petals in
  purplish clusters on separate tress.
• Typically found in bottomland forests or moist
  upland woods. A popular tree for lawns, parks,
  and streets. Ornamental.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

17
Trees of the Nature Area

• Wild Black Cherry
• Prunus serotina Ehrh.
• Tree is medium to large size with a narrow
  oblong, rounded crown.
• Leaves Alternate on twig simple, borne on short
  slender, smooth leafstalks, with a pair of
  reddish glands near the base of the blade.
• Flowers white in long drooping clusters.
• Fruit clusters of purple black cherries. Bark is
  black, scaly.
• Is usually found in moist fertile soil of upland
  woods, roadsides and forest margins.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

18
Trees of the Nature Area

• Hop-Hornbeam
• Ostrya virginiana (Mill) K. Koch.
• Small tree with irregular, rounded, open crown
  usually in forest under story, upland woods,
  hillsides, or rocky slopes.
• Leaves alternate on twig, simple, borne on very
  short slender, hairy stems. Edges finely
  double-toothed.
• Bark Rich brown, smooth on young branches. Brown
  and breaking into short flat strips at maturity.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

19
Trees of the Nature Area

• Sassafras
• Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees.
• Medium sized trees with spreading crowns found on
  roadsides, fence rows, old fields, and up land
  woods.
• Leaves alternate simple borne singly on short
  stems blades of three different shapes lobed-3,
  lobed-2, or oval or unlobed, often on same tree.
• Bark green on young trees and branches becomes
  deeply fissured and a rich reddish - brown when
  mature.
• Fruits are egg shaped blue-black berries in
  clusters, with bright red stalks.
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004

20
Trees of the Nature Area

• Pawpaw (Indiana banana)
• Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal.
• small tree to 30 feet, often in colonies
• very large simple alternate leaves with smooth
  edges (odoriferous when bruised
• brown/maroon flowers, rancid odor 6 petals,
  blooms Apr-May
• fruit ripens in October green to blackish berry
  with pulpy edible seeds
• widespread in Indiana
• habitat woods, esp rich moist soils along
  streams
• source 101 Trees of Indiana, Jackson 2004