The Closed Circulatory System

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The Closed Circulatory System

• Humans have a closed circulatory system, typical
  of all vertebrates, in which blood is confined to
  vessels and is distinct from the interstitial
  fluid.
• The heart pumps blood into large vessels that
  branch into smaller ones leading into the organs.
• Materials are exchanged by diffusion between the
  blood and the interstitial fluid bathing the
  cells.

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The Cardiovascular System

• Three Major Elements Heart, Blood Vessels,
  Blood
• 1. The Heart- cardiac muscle tissue
• highly interconnected cells
• four chambers
• Right atrium
• Right ventricle
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle

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Pathway of the blood

• Superior Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
• Lungs
• Pulmonary Vein
• Bicuspid Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Aorta
• To the bodies organs cells

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Circuits

• Pulmonary circuit
• The blood pathway between the right side of the
  heart, to the lungs, and back to the left side of
  the heart.
• Systemic circuit
• The pathway between the left and right sides of
  the heart.

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Figure 20.17A Pulmonary circulation
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Figure 19.5 Systemic pulmonary circuits
Blood from body enters Right Atrium
Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart
Blood from lungs enters Left Atrium
Veins carry blood to the heart (like ven in
Spanish)
Right Ventricle sends blood to lungs
Left Ventricle sends blood to rest of body
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The Cardiovascular System

• Blood Vessels -A network of tubes
• Arteries?arterioles move away from the heart
• Elastic Fibers
• Circular Smooth Muscle
• Not always Red (notice the pulmonary artery
  carries blue blood - deoxygenated blood)
• Capillaries where gas exchange takes place.
• One cell thick
• Serves the Respiratory System
• Veins?Venules moves towards the heart
• Skeletal Muscles contract to force blood back
  from legs
• One way values
• When they break - varicose veins form
• Not always Blue (notice the pulmonary veins carry
  red blood oxygenated blood)

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Figure 20.17B Pulmonary circulation
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Figure 19.6 Anatomical differences in the right
left ventricles
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Figure 19.9A Operation of atrioventricular
valves of the heart
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Figure 19.9B Operation of atrioventricular
valves of the heart
The AV valves shown here are responsible for the
Dub sound in the heart. When the valves close,
they slam together and make a dub sound.
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Figure 19.10A Operation of semilunar valves
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Figure 19.10B Operation of semilunar valves
The semilunar valves are reponsible for The
louder lub sound when. (Louder because ventricles
are stronger and more forceful).