AS PE

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AS PE Sports Studies
Introducing
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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LESSON OBJECTIVES

• Identify all sections of the heart
• Be able to label a diagram of the heart
• Describe how heart acts as a pump double
  circulatory system
• Be able to trace the path of the blood through
  the body
• Be able to describe how the heart provides a
  double circulatory system

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The heart

• The heart is a muscular pump.
• It is divided into two halves by a central
  partition called the septum.
• Atriums form the top two chambers.
• Ventricles form the bottom two chambers.

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Parts of the heart
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Parts of the heart

• Atrium
• Either of the two upper chambers of the heart
  into which blood passes from the veins. Blood
  passes from the atria into the ventricles

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Parts of the heart contd.

• Ventricle
• Either of the two lower chambers of the heart
  that contract to force blood around the
  circulatory system

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Parts of the heart contd.

• Septum
• The wall in the middle of the pump that separates
  the left side from the right. The septum prevents
  the de-oxygenated blood in the right side of the
  heart mixing with oxygenated blood in the left
  side.

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Parts of the heart contd.

• Bi-cuspid valve
• A valve in the left side of the heart that
  separates the auricle and ventricle and prevents
  blood from seeping or flowing back down into the
  ventricle. It is called the bi-cuspid valve
  because it is made up of two flaps. It is also
  called the mitral valve.

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Parts of the heart contd.

• Tri-cuspid valve
• A valve in the right side of the heart that
  separates the auricle and ventricle and prevents
  blood seeping or flowing back down into the
  ventricle. It is called the tri-cuspid valve
  because it is made up of three flaps.

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Parts of the heart contd.

• Semi-lunar valve
• These valves prevent blood flowing back into the
  heart once it has been pushed into the aorta or
  pulmonary artery.

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Parts of the heart contd.

• Pulmonary artery
• This is the only artery in the body which carries
  de-oxygenated blood, though not very far. It
  carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the
  lungs for a clean up.

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Parts of the heart contd.

• Pulmonary Vein
• Again, this is the only vein to carry oxygenated
  blood. It picks up where the pulmonery artery
  leaves off, carrying the blood from the lungs
  back into the heart

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Parts of the heart contd.

• Aorta
• The most well-known artery, and the largest that
  carries blood out of the heart to the other
  arteries.

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Parts of the heart contd.

• Vena Cava (pl. Vena Cavae)
• The two main veins in the body. The superior vena
  cava carries blood from the upper body to the
  heart, and the inferior vena cava carries blood
  from the lower body.

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Pathway of blood around the body
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Double circulatory pump system

• Pulmonary circulation carries blood from the
  heart to the lungs and back again.
• Systematic circulation carries blood from the
  heart to all parts of the body except the lungs,
  and back again. The valves prevent back flow

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The circulation of oxygenated blood

• Oxygenated blood from the lungs passes through
  the pulmonary vein and is collected in the left
  atrium.
• It then passes through an opening between the
  left atrium and left ventricle which is guarded
  by the bicuspid valve.
• It then arrives in the left ventricle.

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The circulation of deoxygenated blood

• The vena cava brings blood (deoxygenated blood)
  from the body into the right atrium.
• It then passes through the tricuspid value into
  the right ventricle.
• The blood pushes through the semi-lunar valves
  into the pulmonary artery and goes into the
  lungs.