Geography 400 United States and Canada

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Chapter 3 Settlement Patterns Before 1950
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Urbanization, Industrialization, Settlement
Frontiers, 1783-1965 Northeast Midwest Town
ship and Range System South NB From River to
Rail to Rubber Frontier Settlement
1865-1931 Cattle Ranching Farming and
Environmental Problems Migration
1865-1950 Europeans African Americans Hispanics
Asians American Manufacturing (AMB) Belt
1865-1950 US and Canada at Mid-Century Core and
Periphery Primary, Secondary, Tertiary,
Quarternary Activities
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GGQ Fig 3.5 1783 US
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GGQ Fig 3.8 Territorial Acquisitons, 1783-1898
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GGQ Figure 3.10 Push Westward
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GGQ Fig 3.11 Township Range System
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Replacement of the Metes and Bounds System of
parceling land (used natural features such as
rivers-rocks-trees to demarcate property lines
still dominates East coast and Southeast locales)
with the Township and Range system (Figure
3.11) (1) land subdivided into squares, (2)
lines ran E-W and N-S, a township was six miles
on a side (6 sq miles), (3) each divided into
36 sections of one mile on a side (1 sq mile 640
acres), (4) a quarter section (160 acres) was
considered standard size for a farm (5)
road-field boundaries usually follow the straight
lines of surveying system, (6) giving rise to
the checkerboard pattern dominating Midwest
landscapes. The Township and Range system --
cultural artifact which remains with us today
and is central to the populist concept of the
Family Farm. The phrase 40 acres and a mule,
seems related to the Township and Range
system. System first used in eastern Ohio A
MAJOR legacy of the period!!
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GGQ Fig 2.7 Great Plains Note Township Range
Effect
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GGQ Fig. 3.12 Sidewheelers on the MIssissippi
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GGQ p.65 Erie Canal Hudson R-Mohawk Gap-Lake
Erie 90 reduction in freight cost!!
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From ARGUS Regions Regionalization, Why Do
People Make Regions, Erie Canal and
Pennsylvania Response
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From ARGUS Regions Regionalization, Why Do
People Make Regions, Erie Canal and
Pennsylvania Response
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From ARGUS Regions Regionalization, Why Do
People Make Regions, Erie Canal and
Pennsylvania Response
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De Witt Clinton, New York City mayor, believed
the canal was crucial to state advancement.
Fought for city to be seen as advanced-cosmopolita
n as Boston and Philadelphia, Threw all his
political weight behind the project, using
rhetoric of nationalism and republicanism. July
4, 1817 ground broken at Utica and construction
began simultaneously to the east and
west. Building the Canal covered eight years.
Often known as "Clinton's Ditch" or "Clinton's
Folly", canal was lambasted by New York press.
Clinton, was voted out of governorship in 1822
removed from Canal Board in 1824. Using his
martyrdom and popular support, Clinton rode
excitement as the canal neared completion and was
re-elected governor to preside over theCanal's
opening in October 1825. Governor Clinton
traveled the length of the canal in a packet
boat, Seneca Chief, receiving accolades at every
town. The Canal obsessed and enchanted Americans
as a symbol of boundless potentialities of the
country, its resilience, its hopes." The Canal
provided impressive revenues, turning a profit
its first year and steadily made money until
tolls were abolished in 1883. Also unique, Erie
Canal was survived the railroad in that tonnage
continued to increase well past the Civil War,
finally peaking in 1872.
http//xroads.virginia.edu/HYPER/DETOC/transport/
erie.html The Erie Canal and DeWitt Clinton
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Miami-Erie, Ohio-Erie, Feeder, and Related Canals
From http//my.ohio.voyager.net/lstevens/canal/c
analmap.html
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From http//www.dnr.state.oh.us/water/canals/plat
smap.htm
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Miami-Erie, Ohio-Erie Canals
From http//www.dnr.state.oh.us/water/canals/real
map_a.htm
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Ohio Towns with port or lock Note
Correspondence With Ohio Canal System Thanks to
Robert Forrest, Grad student!!
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GGQ Fig 9.4 Site
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GGQ Fig 9.5 Situation
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GGF Fig 113 Nodal Regions
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GGQ Fig 3.13 Cotton
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GGQ Fig 3.14 Canada Settlement, 1865
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GGQ Fig 3.15 US Settlement Frontiers, 1865
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Urbanization, Industrialization, Settlement
Frontiers, 1783-1965 Northeast Midwest Town
ship and Range System South NB From River to
Rail to Rubber Frontier Settlement
1865-1931 Cattle Ranching Farming and
Environmental Problems Migration
1865-1950 Europeans African Americans Hispanics
Asians American Manufacturing (AMB) Belt
1865-1950 US and Canada at Mid-Century Core and
Periphery Primary, Secondary, Tertiary,
Quarternary Activities
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GGQ Fig 4.6 98th Meridian effect
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GGQ Fig 3.16 Final Settlement Frontier
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GGF Fig 2.17 98th Meridian Effect
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Composite Map Snagged from Interactive World
Issues, Chicago Part 3
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ARGUS From The Continental Water Line Module
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From http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/maps/in
dex.htm
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Urbanization, Industrialization, Settlement
Frontiers, 1783-1965 Northeast Midwest Town
ship and Range System South NB From River to
Rail to Rubber Frontier Settlement
1865-1931 Cattle Ranching Farming and
Environmental Problems Migration
1865-1950 Europeans African Americans Hispanics
Asians American Manufacturing (AMB) Belt
1865-1950 US and Canada at Mid-Century Core and
Periphery Primary, Secondary, Tertiary,
Quarternary Activities
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Pop Bulletin 58 (2), 2003, p. 12, Figure 2
Immigration Shaping and Reshaping America
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GGQ Fig 3.19 Afr-Amer Mig 1914-1930
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Pop Bulletin, 58 (2), 2003, p. 22, Figure 3
Immigration Shaping and Reshaping America
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Urbanization, Industrialization, Settlement
Frontiers, 1783-1965 Northeast Midwest Town
ship and Range System South NB From River to
Rail to Rubber Frontier Settlement
1865-1931 Cattle Ranching Farming and
Environmental Problems Migration
1865-1950 Europeans African Americans Hispanics
Asians American Manufacturing (AMB) Belt
1865-1950 US and Canada at Mid-Century Core and
Periphery Primary, Secondary, Tertiary,
Quarternary Activities
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GGQ Fig 3.20 American Manufacturing Belt
(AMB) Homogeneous Region Example
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DeBlij, Geography, 2004, Fig. 3-15
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DeBlij, Geography, 2004 Fig. 3-14
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Distinction in Economic Activities between
Primary (ag, mineral extraction,
lumbering) Secondary (mfg) Tertiary (commerce,
trade, service) And Post-1950 -- Quarternary
(gathering, manipulating, disseminating
information government, real estate, insurance,
finance, consulting, office functions
telecomuting information is footloose
relative to other economic activities
telecomuting)
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GGQ Fig 3.22 Core and Periphery 1950
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DeBlij, Geography, 2004 Fig. 3-14
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DeBlij, Geography, 2004, Fig. 3-15
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From RIVER to RAIL to RUBBER Effects on
GEOGRAPHY Weve Seen River and Rail Rubber yet
to come!!