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Global Population Growth

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Title: Global Population Growth


1
Global Population Growth
  • What are the trends in global population growth?
  • Where are the people? How do these trends come
    about?
  • What is the relationship between population, the
    life course, and the character of industrial
    societies?
  • What do these population changes mean for the way
    we live our lives? 

2
A crowded world
3
Trends in Human Population Growth
4
GROWTH in the Worlds Population
  • 1830 the worlds population reached ONE BILLION
  • 1930, just 100 years later the population reached
    2 billion.
  • 1960 (30 years later) it reached 3 billion
  • 15 more years later in 1975, it climbed to 4
    billion.
  • 12 years later in 1987, it crossed the 5 billion
    mark.
  • 12 years later in 1999 the worlds reached 6
    billion
  • By 2029, the worlds population is estimated to
    be 10.4 billion

5
Population Growth A graph
6
Population Growth developed and developing
countries
7
How rapidly is the global population adding a
billion?
8
Distribution of population growth rates
9
Rate of change in the growth of the worlds
population
10
Changes in the rate and absolute growths in the
global population
  • As the figure shows, the rate at which the global
    population is growing is slowing faster than the
    absolute increases in the population.
  • Can you explain why?

11
Distribution of Worlds Population
  • East Asia Eastern parts of China, Japan, the
    Korean Peninsula and the island of Taiwan 25
    of Worlds Population
  • South Asia India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri
    Lanka 20 of Worlds population.
  • South East Asia Islands in the Pacific and
    Indian Oceans Indonesia, Philippines etc 500
    million people
  • Europe 15 of the Worlds People
  • North America Southern Canada N.E USA has
    over 150 million people
  • Sparsely populated Areas include Deserts, Very
    cold Lands (Arctic Antarctic regions) and
    Forest Jungles.

12
Distribution of Worlds People
13
Continental distribution of global population in
2002
  • Asia 57
  • Europe 16
  • Africa 12
  • South America 9
  • North America 5
  • Australia 1

14
Distribution of the worlds population 1800
2050. www.prob.org/...population...growth...growth
.htm
15
World distribution of population by Latitude
16
Future increases in population
17
Thomas Malthus (a British Economist) his 1798
essay on Population and Resources
18
Malthusian Theory on Population
  • Thomas Malthus, wrote in 1798 that Population
    was increasing geometrically but resource
    supplies were increasing arithmetically. He
    predicted that eventually, population growth will
    outstrip the supply of resources and If
    population growth is not controlled voluntarily,
    calamities (starvation, diseases, wars) will
    bring population in balance with the supply of
    resources.

19
THE DEOMGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
20
Changes in Birth and Death rates during a
demographic transition
  • Stage 1 Pre-industrial Stage
  • Agriculture leads to population increase and
    death rate fluctuates due to epidemics
  • Stage 2 Early Industrial Stage
  • Improved agriculture expands population but
    improvement in nutrition lowers death rate
  • Stage 3 Industrial Stage
  • Education and opportunities for jobs causes
    decline in fertility to match declines in death
    rates
  • Stage 4 Post-industrial Stage
  • Low birth and death rates but birth rates
    might fluctuate at times

21
Why developing countries today cannot take
advantage of a demographic transition?
  • Lack of trained and skilled personnel (brain
    drain).
  • Lack of an essential energy base (coal, oil) to
    provide the energy for development.
  • Rapid population growth and poverty creates a
    poverty trap and no savings.
  • Lack of financial resources for investment in
    building factories and industries
  • Strong competition from already industrialized
    countries

22
What account for variations in Fertility levels
of females from different societies1?
  • The absence of old age social security
    payments necessitate more child birth
  • High Infant mortality compels parents to have
    more children
  • Societys view of children i.e. as a prestige
  • Educational opportunities for women
  • Carrier (job) opportunities for women
  • Religious beliefs (Catholics vrs. Muslims)
  • Availability and affordable of family planning
    and birth control services

23
What account for variations in Fertility levels
of females from different societies2?
  • Level of affluence in the society
  • Cost of educating and raising children
  • Average age at marriage
  • Urbanization and associated high standard of
    living
  • Availability and affordable legal abortions for
    women

24
Age structure of a countrys population
  • A diagram of the age structure of a population is
    called the Population Pyramid.
  • The Pyramid records the proportion () of the
    total population available in five-year age
    groups usually known as cohorts.
  • Constructing a Populating Pyramid
  • 1. Look for a census data which divides the total
    population of a country into males and females
    and also into 5-year age groups (cohorts).

25
Age structure of a countrys population 2
  • Classify the population of each sex group (males
    females) into 5 year age group intervals (0-4.
    5-9, 10-14 etc. to 85.).
  • Calculate the percentage of the total population
    represented by each of the 5 year age groups for
    a) males and b) females.
  • Graph the percentage of the 5-year age groups for
    Males on the Left side of the vertical axis of a
    graph sheet and that for Females on the Right.

26
Dependent and Productive Populations
  • The pre-productive age between 0-14yrs,
  • Reproductive age 15 - 44 years and
  • Post-reproductive age 45 - 85
  • Economic Divisions
  • A) 0-18 Dependent class
  • B) 65 years plus Dependent class
  • C) 18-65 years the Productive class
  • Age Dependency Ratio P0-14 P65 X 100
  • P 15-64

27
Types of population pyramids
  • 1. Nigeria - rapidly growing population,
    broad-base
  • 2. Australia stable population
  • 3. Bulgaria declining population, narrow-base

28
What is the relevance of the age-structure
diagram?
  • Shows the occupational structure of a nations
    population
  • Displays the number of males to females (sex
    ratio) in the population
  • Provides clues to present and future trends in
    the growth of the population
  • Provides evidence of historical events that
    impacted the population (wars, economic booms
    etc).

29
Addressing the population problem INDIRECT
methods
  • Education and empowerment of women
  • More women in the labor force
  • Improvements in health and economic conditions
  • Incentives for increasing or decreasing births
  • State laws setting limits on child births e.g.
    China.

30
Addressing the population growth problem DIRECT
methods
  • Abstinence
  • Family planning birth control services
  • Legal abortion
  • Legal migration (immigration and emigration)
  • Religious beliefs (e.g. catholic)
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