Title: Global Population Growth
1Global Population Growth
- What are the trends in global population growth?
- Where are the people? How do these trends come
about? - What is the relationship between population, the
life course, and the character of industrial
societies? - What do these population changes mean for the way
we live our lives?
2A crowded world
3Trends in Human Population Growth
4GROWTH in the Worlds Population
- 1830 the worlds population reached ONE BILLION
- 1930, just 100 years later the population reached
2 billion. - 1960 (30 years later) it reached 3 billion
- 15 more years later in 1975, it climbed to 4
billion. - 12 years later in 1987, it crossed the 5 billion
mark. - 12 years later in 1999 the worlds reached 6
billion - By 2029, the worlds population is estimated to
be 10.4 billion
5Population Growth A graph
6Population Growth developed and developing
countries
7How rapidly is the global population adding a
billion?
8Distribution of population growth rates
9Rate of change in the growth of the worlds
population
10Changes in the rate and absolute growths in the
global population
- As the figure shows, the rate at which the global
population is growing is slowing faster than the
absolute increases in the population. - Can you explain why?
11Distribution of Worlds Population
- East Asia Eastern parts of China, Japan, the
Korean Peninsula and the island of Taiwan 25
of Worlds Population - South Asia India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri
Lanka 20 of Worlds population. - South East Asia Islands in the Pacific and
Indian Oceans Indonesia, Philippines etc 500
million people - Europe 15 of the Worlds People
- North America Southern Canada N.E USA has
over 150 million people - Sparsely populated Areas include Deserts, Very
cold Lands (Arctic Antarctic regions) and
Forest Jungles.
12Distribution of Worlds People
13Continental distribution of global population in
2002
- Asia 57
- Europe 16
- Africa 12
- South America 9
- North America 5
- Australia 1
14Distribution of the worlds population 1800
2050. www.prob.org/...population...growth...growth
.htm
15World distribution of population by Latitude
16Future increases in population
17Thomas Malthus (a British Economist) his 1798
essay on Population and Resources
18Malthusian Theory on Population
- Thomas Malthus, wrote in 1798 that Population
was increasing geometrically but resource
supplies were increasing arithmetically. He
predicted that eventually, population growth will
outstrip the supply of resources and If
population growth is not controlled voluntarily,
calamities (starvation, diseases, wars) will
bring population in balance with the supply of
resources.
19THE DEOMGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
20Changes in Birth and Death rates during a
demographic transition
- Stage 1 Pre-industrial Stage
- Agriculture leads to population increase and
death rate fluctuates due to epidemics - Stage 2 Early Industrial Stage
- Improved agriculture expands population but
improvement in nutrition lowers death rate - Stage 3 Industrial Stage
- Education and opportunities for jobs causes
decline in fertility to match declines in death
rates - Stage 4 Post-industrial Stage
- Low birth and death rates but birth rates
might fluctuate at times
21Why developing countries today cannot take
advantage of a demographic transition?
- Lack of trained and skilled personnel (brain
drain). - Lack of an essential energy base (coal, oil) to
provide the energy for development. - Rapid population growth and poverty creates a
poverty trap and no savings. - Lack of financial resources for investment in
building factories and industries - Strong competition from already industrialized
countries
22What account for variations in Fertility levels
of females from different societies1?
- The absence of old age social security
payments necessitate more child birth - High Infant mortality compels parents to have
more children - Societys view of children i.e. as a prestige
- Educational opportunities for women
- Carrier (job) opportunities for women
- Religious beliefs (Catholics vrs. Muslims)
- Availability and affordable of family planning
and birth control services
23What account for variations in Fertility levels
of females from different societies2?
- Level of affluence in the society
- Cost of educating and raising children
- Average age at marriage
- Urbanization and associated high standard of
living - Availability and affordable legal abortions for
women
24Age structure of a countrys population
- A diagram of the age structure of a population is
called the Population Pyramid. - The Pyramid records the proportion () of the
total population available in five-year age
groups usually known as cohorts. - Constructing a Populating Pyramid
- 1. Look for a census data which divides the total
population of a country into males and females
and also into 5-year age groups (cohorts).
25Age structure of a countrys population 2
- Classify the population of each sex group (males
females) into 5 year age group intervals (0-4.
5-9, 10-14 etc. to 85.). - Calculate the percentage of the total population
represented by each of the 5 year age groups for
a) males and b) females. - Graph the percentage of the 5-year age groups for
Males on the Left side of the vertical axis of a
graph sheet and that for Females on the Right.
26Dependent and Productive Populations
- The pre-productive age between 0-14yrs,
- Reproductive age 15 - 44 years and
- Post-reproductive age 45 - 85
- Economic Divisions
- A) 0-18 Dependent class
- B) 65 years plus Dependent class
- C) 18-65 years the Productive class
- Age Dependency Ratio P0-14 P65 X 100
- P 15-64
27Types of population pyramids
- 1. Nigeria - rapidly growing population,
broad-base - 2. Australia stable population
- 3. Bulgaria declining population, narrow-base
28What is the relevance of the age-structure
diagram?
- Shows the occupational structure of a nations
population - Displays the number of males to females (sex
ratio) in the population - Provides clues to present and future trends in
the growth of the population - Provides evidence of historical events that
impacted the population (wars, economic booms
etc).
29Addressing the population problem INDIRECT
methods
- Education and empowerment of women
- More women in the labor force
- Improvements in health and economic conditions
- Incentives for increasing or decreasing births
- State laws setting limits on child births e.g.
China.
30Addressing the population growth problem DIRECT
methods
- Abstinence
- Family planning birth control services
- Legal abortion
- Legal migration (immigration and emigration)
- Religious beliefs (e.g. catholic)