Chapter Seven

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Chapter Seven

• The Plant Kingdom

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Chapter 7 Plant Kingdom Vocab

• Carbon Dioxide a gas made of carbon and oxygen
  molecule. Gas plants breathe in.
• Chlorophyll the green coloring in chloroplasts
  that traps sunlight.
• Germination The process by which a young plant
  breaks out of its seed.
• Petals The colored outer parts of a flower that
  help protect its inner parts and that attract
  insects

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• Photosynthesis The process by which plants make
  sugar using sunlight, water, chlorophyll, and
  carbon dioxide
• Pistil The female part of the flower
• Plant Ovary The fruit of a plant that grows
  around the seed.
• Pollen The powdery dust on the ends of stamens
  that holds plant sperm cells
• PollinationThe transfer of pollen from the
  stamen to the pistil of a plant.
• Sperm Male sex cells produced by stamens
• Stamens The male parts of a flower

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I. What are Plants?

• Organisms made of many specialized cells
• Differ from animals in three ways
• They make their own food
• Their cells have cell walls
• They cannot move from place to place at will
• They need CO2, food, and water to survive

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II. Most Plants are called seed Plants

• Seed plants have roots
• Seed plants have stems
• Seed plants have leaves
• Seed plants have seeds
• Some of them have flowers and produce seeds
  inside their fruit
• Apple trees
• Some have seeds inside their cones
• Pine trees

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III. Roots Get Water From Soil

• Part of the plant below the surface of the soil
  are called roots.
• Roots have several jobs
• Hold plant in place
• Store extra food
• Most importantly soak up water
• Soak up minerals

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IV. Stem is the Pathway for Food and Water

• Stems are the upright parts of plants
• They run from the ground to the leaves
• The stem of trees are called Trunks
• Stems hold the tree up and carry food and water
• Roots soak up the water
• Leaves make the food for the plant
• The stem transfers the food and water where it
  needs to go in the plant.
• You eat stems
• 1. Asparagus, rhubarb, sugar cane, potato

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V. Leaves are the Food Makers

• They use green coloring stored in Chloroplasts in
  the plant cell
• This green coloring is called chlorophyll
• Photosynthesis is the way in which plants make
  their food.
• Four things needed for Photosynthesis
• Chlorophyll
• Sunlight
• Water
• Carbon dioxide
• a. Carbon dioxide is in the air we breathe out
  as we exhale

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VI. Photosynthesis

• Water comes from the roots through stem
• CO2 from the air enters small openings under
  leaves
• Sunlight strikes the chlorophyll in the leaves
  making energy
• This energy makes the CO2 and water join together
  to make sugar
• This sugar is very simple sugar and is the basis
  of all food.
• When the sugar is made, oxygen is left over.
• Oxygen is released by the small openings in the
  leaf
• Without plants releasing oxygen into the air we
  could not breathe.

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Science Practice

• Name ten different plants you eat.
• Name one plant that can be used in building
  homes.
• Name one plant that is used to make fabric for
  clothing.
• Do you know of any plants that are used as
  medicines? Name them.

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VII. Flowers are the Seed Makers

• Flowers hold the reproductive parts of seed
  plants
• Petals are the outer parts of the flower
• Pistil is the female part of the flower
• Plant Ovary located at the bottom of the pistil
  and is the fruit of the plant that grows around
  the seed.
• This is where the female sex cells (eggs) are
  stored.
• Stamens are the male parts of the flower
• Pollen is the powdery dust located at the end of
  the stamen. The pollen holds the male sex cells
  (sperm)
• Pollination is when the pollen is blown off the
  stamen and lands on the pistil.
• Bees often help with pollination.
• Bees are drawn to flowers by their pretty colors
  and their sticky legs pick up the pollen
• After pollination the sperm cells goes down the
  pistil to the ovary where the sperm and egg cell
  join

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Seeds are Young Plants in a Protective Coat.

• Seeds are tiny new plants in protective coating.
• Seeds can wait weeks or even years before
  growing.
• Seeds will wait until the environment is wet and
  warm enough for growing.
• Some seeds are carried about in the coats of
  animals
• Germination is when the seed breaks through its
  hard outer shell and begins to grow.

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IX. Fruits are the ovaries of Plants

• The fruit is the protective covering for the
  seeds inside.
• Split open a watermelon and see the seeds inside
  protected by the rest of the watermelon
• The fruit begins to get bigger when the seed
  begins to form inside.
• The fruit protects the seed from water loss
• Anything that has seeds in it but is not a cone
  is a fruit.
• 1. Tomatoes, beans, avocados, eggplants

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Some Carnivorous Plants

• Pitcher Plant Has leaves that will catch its
  prey to get nutrients the soil does not have

• Venus Fly Trap catches flies in its brush like
  leaves