Basic Principles of Gas Chromatography

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Basic Principles of Gas Chromatography
Martin R. Hackman NJ - DEP Office of Quality
Assurance
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THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCESS - PARTITIONING
(gas or liquid) MOBILE PHASE
Sample out
Sample in
STATIONARY PHASE
(solid or heavy liquid coated onto a solid or
support system)
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GC Methods
Parameter Group Method Compounds

• SDW05.13000s EPA 502.2 VOCs
• SDW05.24000s EPA 551.1 Cl-VOCs/Pests
• WPP05.04000s EPA 604 Phenols
• WPP06.03000s EPA 625 SVOCs
• SHW06.21000s SW-846 8141A Org-P Pests

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Instrumentation
? Injection Port - Sample introduction
Manual - Direct Injection
Automated - Autosampler - Purge and Trap
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Temperature Control
Instrumentation - Oven

• Isothermal

• Gradient

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Columns

• Packed

• Capillary

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Polarity
-
Non-polar

Polar
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Phases
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Instrumentation - Detectors

• Destructive
• Mass Spectral (CI/EI) 625
• Flame Ionization (FID) 604
• Nitrogen-Phosphorus (NPD) 8141A
• Flame Photometric (FPD) 8141A
• Electrolytic Conductivity (Hall/ELCD) 502.2

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Instrumentation - Detectors

• Non-Destructive
• Thermal Conductivity (TCD)
• Electron Capture (ECD) 551.1
• Photo Ionization (PID) 502.2

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Chromatograms - 551.1
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Chromatograms - 604
Supelco PTE-5
Supelco SPB-50
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m- Cresol