Distributed Generation Solutions for Internet Access in Remote Areas

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Distributed Generation Solutions for Internet
Access in Remote Areas

• Researchers
• Manisa Pipattanasomporn Graduate Student
• Professor Saifur Rahman Director, ARI

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• Electricity has not reached over two billion
  people
• Need electricity for ICT equipment to function
• Important applications include
• - telemedicine, distance learning, Internet,
  email, research, e-commerce, public web access,
  health management, lighting, etc.

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• Resources for Electricity in Bangladesh
• What are DG technologies
• Electricity demand for Internet access
• Comparisons of DG solutions

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• Location
• 20.30-26.38? N
• 88.04-92.44? E
• Average solar radiation
• 4-6.5 kWh/m2/day
• Average of bright sunshine hours
• 7.55 hrs/day
• Average annual temperature
• 23.4?C

Solar insolation in kWh/m2
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• Very little wind potential for electricity
  generation
• Typical annual mean wind speed
• 1-3 m/s at height between 5-10 meters above
  ground

Source M. J. Khan, M. T. Iqbal and S. Mahboob, A
Wind Map of Bangladesh, Renewable Energy (2004)
Wind speed (m/s) at 10-m height
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Water Closed forest Open forest Wooded
lands Other land cover

• Biomass most significant energy resources,
  accounting for 70 of final energy consumption
• Main biomass resources
• - Trees and fuel wood (48)
• - Agricultural Residues (36)
• - Livestock (13)
• - Peat (3)

Source Mazharul Islam, Assessment of Renewable
Energy Resources of Bangladesh,
http//shakti.hypermart.net.
Land use pattern
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• The only indigenous non-renewable energy resource
  (accounting for 70 of the commercial energy
  supply)
• Substantial high quality natural gas reserve at
  the eastern part of the country
• Only 7 of population have access to natural gas
  (1999)
• Consumption of natural gas
• Power sector (48)
• Fertilizer (23)
• Other (29)

Source Bangladesh Oil, Gas Mineral Corporation
(PetroBangla)
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Off-Grid Electricity Map (2003) Chittagong and
Chittagong Hill Tracts

• Only around 32 of population connected to
  electricity (2002-2003)
• The country has an installed capacity of 3,300MW
  however, only 2,600MW are available at any given
  time
• The country has been unable to meet the
  electricity demand, including Dhaka
• Problems
• blackouts, load shedding, high system losses
  (40), electricity theft and low plant
  efficiencies

Source Local Government Engineering Department
(LGED)
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• Solar Cells
• Wind Turbines
• Gas/Diesel Engines
• Microturbines
• Fuel Cells
• Battery Storage
• Electricity from the Grid

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1.0 kW Engine
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1.2kW PEM Fuel Cell
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DG Distributed Generation, a generation
located at or near the point of use
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• Focus how to meet power requirements at end-user
  sites where electricity is unavailable
• Assume a community center for Internet access or
  a telecenter kiosk

CPE
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Total Demand 213 W
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Possible Supply Options A. Solar cells
battery B. Diesel engines battery C. Fuel cells
battery
PV 340 W LCC 3,167 Battery 125AH (4
hr back up for 2 days)
A.
10 years
PV Battery
?
10 years
10 years
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• Power for the Internet is prerequisite for ICT
  use
• Possible power solutions are
• Solar cells require no fuel and maintenance
• Engines can be operated with bio fuel
• Fuel cells emerging and competitor to solar
  cells as natural gas is available countrywide
• The selected power solution will vary from one
  location to another, depending on locally
  available energy resources, emission requirement
  and ability to pay for the services