ENVIRONMENTAL

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCEAN TEMPERATURES Robert
Perry
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TEMPERATURE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION
OF LIFE ON EARTH.
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TEMPERATURE RECORDS ARE THE BACKBONE OF
MOST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH STUDIES
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Summer in the northern hemisphere
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At Equator
Sub- Tropics
INSOLATION
Mid- Latitudes
Near the Poles
More solar energy is received per m2 as you
move closer to the Equator.
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Since the Earth is tilted 23.5O with respect to
its north and south pole the seasons occur as
Earth travels along its solar orbit.
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Mean annual net radiation (W/m²)
Net radiation is simply the difference between
the absorbed solar radiation and the reflected
infrared radiation. Where the net radiation is
positive, the Earth tends to warm where it
is negative, the Earth tends to cool.
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World Sea Surface Temperatures Notice the
general similarity to the world net radiation map.
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TEMPERATURE vs. DEPTH
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OCEAN TEMPERATURES THERE ARE THREE
TEMPERATURE LAYERS IN THE OPEN OCEAN
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THREE TEMPERATURE LAYERS
(Mid-Latitudes)
1.
1.
2.
2.
1.
3.
3.
deep bottom water
2.
3.
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WHY 3 LAYERS ?
UPPER WATERS WARMED BY THE SUN
ZONE OF RAPID TEMP. DECLINE
Notice the depth scale upper 200m
deep bottom
DEEP WATER COLD DENSE
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DIFFERENT TEMP PLOTS IN DIFFERENT LATITUDES.
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CROSS SECTION OF AN ENTIRE OCEAN TO SHOW WATER
MASSES
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ATLANTIC OCEAN THE GULF STREAM
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GULF STREAM
Carrying hot water from the Equator Caribbean
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ARCTIC OCEAN
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ARCTIC SSTs
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PACIFIC OCEAN TEMPERATURES
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4 yr. Mean SST map courtesy of US Navy
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What two temperature distribution patterns can be
seen on this map?
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1. Temperature distribution by latitude.
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2. Temperature distribution by surface currents.
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EL NINO TEMPERATURES
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Cold signature of equatorial current
Normal Equatorial SSTs
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El Nino hot signature
(Cold signature gone)
El Nino Equatorial SSTs
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CALIFORNIA TEMPERATURES
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California SSTs by season
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SPRING TO FALL SST CHANGES
MARCH TO OCTOBER 2003
THIS ANIMATION MAY NOT BE VISIBLE ON THE WEB.
VISIT SOURCE
http//suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GLI/ocean/
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EVEN IN SUMMER, NOTICE THE COLD (BLUE GREEN)
WATER DUE TO COASTAL UPWELLING !
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OUR LATITUDE
34O N
U.S.A. EAST COAST vs WEST COAST
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WHY ?
COLD HERE HOT HERE
34O N
U.S.A. EAST COAST vs WEST COAST
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WHY ?
COLD HERE HOT HERE
COLD California Current
34O N
WARM Gulf Stream
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Southern California SSTs controlled by local
currents
Pt Conception
California Current
Oxnard
Malibu
Channel Islands
Southern California Counter - Current
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OCEAN TEMPERATURES WHAT IS THE EFFECT
OF TEMPERATURE ON ORGANISMS ?
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HERES HOW IT WORKS
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Vant Hoffs Rule For every 10OC increase in
temperature, the metabolic rate doubles (at
least).
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X2 Metabolism means x2 food needed x2 O2
needed x2 wastes produced
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T H E E N D