Nervous System

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Nervous System

• BY Jeremy Llamas , Cheton Jackson, and Jessica
  Vanderpluym

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Central Nervous System

• Part of the Nervous system consisting of the
  brain and spinal cord, but not including the
  peripheral nervous system.

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Peripheral Nervous System

• The outer branches of the Nervous system.

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Somatic Nervous System

• Of, relating to, or affecting the body,
  especially as distinguished from a body part, the
  mind, or the environment corporeal or physical.
  See Synonyms at bodily.
• Of or relating to the wall of the body cavity,
  especially as distinguished from the head, limbs,
  or viscera.
• Of or relating to the portion of the vertebrate
  nervous system that regulates voluntary movement.
  
• Of or relating to a somatic cell or the
  somatoplasm.

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Autonomic Nervous System

• The portion of the central nervous system
  controlling involuntary actions.

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Neuron

• The basic component of the Nervous System.

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Sensory Neuron

• a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain
  or spinal cord.

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Motor Neuron

• A neuron that conveys impulses from the central
  nervous system to a muscle, gland, or other
  effectors tissue.

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Interneuron

• A nerve cell found entirely within the central
  nervous system that acts as a link between
  sensory neurons and motor neurons.

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Brain

• The portion of the vertebrate central nervous
  system that is enclosed within the cranium,
  continuous with the spinal cord, and composed of
  gray matter and white matter. It is the primary
  center for the regulation and control of bodily
  activities, receiving and interpreting sensory
  impulses, and transmitting information to the
  muscles and body organs. It is also the seat of
  consciousness, thought, memory, and emotion.

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Axon

• long thin extension of a neuron that carries
  impulses away from the cell body.

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Dendrite

• Neuron structure that receives messages and sends
  them to the cell body.

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Nerve Impulse

• Initiated when some factor alters the
  permeability of the neuronal membrane.

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Nerve

• Any of the cordlike bundles of fibers made up of
  neurons through which sensory stimuli and motor
  impulses pass between the brain or other parts of
  the central nervous system and the eyes, glands,
  muscles, and other parts of the body. Nerves form
  a network of pathways for conducting information
  throughout the body.

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Receptor

• Sensory cell that can detect and transmit sensory
  stimuli.

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Stimulant

• Drugs that increase the activity of the Central
  Nervous System and promote feelings of energy and
  high spirits.

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Synapse

• The gap between two neurons in a nerve pathway.

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Transmitter

• One that transmits a disease.
• Or information

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Spinal cord

• The thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue that
  extends from the medulla oblongata down through
  the spinal column and from which the spinal
  nerves branch off to various parts of the body.

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Cerebellum

• The trilobed structure of the brain, lying
  posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata and
  inferior to the occipital lobes of the cerebral
  hemispheres, that is responsible for the
  regulation and coordination of complex voluntary
  muscular movement as well as the maintenance of
  posture and balance.

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Medulla Oblongata

• The lowermost portion of the vertebrate brain,
  continuous with the spinal cord, responsible for
  the control of respiration, circulation, and
  certain other bodily functions.

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Hypothalamus

• The part of the brain that lies below the
  thalamus, forming the major portion of the
  ventral region of the diencephalon and
  functioning to regulate bodily temperature,
  certain metabolic processes, and other autonomic
  activities

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Thalamus

• A large ovoid mass of gray matter that forms the
  larger dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon and
  is located medial to the internal capsule and to
  the body and tail of the caudate nucleus. It
  functions in the relay of sensory impulses to the
  cerebral cortex.

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White Matter

• Whitish nerve tissue, especially of the brain and
  spinal cord, consisting chiefly of myelinated
  nerve fibers.

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Gray Matter

• Brownish-gray nerve tissue, especially of the
  brain and spinal cord, composed of nerve cell
  bodies and their dendrites and some supportive
  tissue.

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The Brain Functions

• The brain controls every single thing in your
  body. It controls your breathing, eyes, smell,
  taste, touch, arms,, hands, feet, legs, hearing,
  toes, neck, fingers, voice, spine and heart.

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What is a Synapse ?

• The junction across which a nerve impulse passes
  from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell,
  or gland cell.

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What is a reflex?

• An involuntary physiological response to a
  stimulus.
• An unlearned or instinctive response to a
  stimulus.
• Something, such as light or heat, that is
  reflected.
• Being an involuntary action or response, such as
  a sneeze, blink, or hiccup.
• Bent, turned, or thrown back reflected.

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What is a Stroke?

• sudden severe attack, as of paralysis or
  sunstroke.
• A sudden loss of brain function caused by a
  blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the
  brain, characterized by loss of muscular control,
  diminution or loss of sensation or consciousness,
  dizziness, slurred speech, or other symptoms that
  vary with the extent and severity of the damage
  to the brain. Also called cerebral accident,
  cerebrovascular accident.

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Treatment for Strokes

• drug therapy
• surgery to treat or repair damage in and around
  the brain
• physical therapy
• occupational therapy to relearn daily routine
  activities
• speech therapy
• Stroke treatments include three stages
  prevention, therapy when stroke occurs, and
  post-stroke rehabilitation. Which treatments are
  used to prevent stroke depend on individual risk
  factors for stroke.

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What causes a stroke!

• Strokes can happen in anyone, but they tend to be
  more common in older men, black people, and Asian
  people. Although we cannot change our age,
  gender, or race, we can control the following
  risk factors for stroke
• Tobacco use
• High cholesterol levels
• Inactive lifestyle
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Heavy alcohol use
• Atrial fibrillation, which is an unsteady heart
  rhythm

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What can you do to prevent a stroke?

• Here are some things everyone can do to lower
  their chances of having a stroke--these things
  will also lower your risk of having a heart
  attack
• Get your blood pressure checked regularly and get
  treatment if it is high. High blood pressure is a
  "silent" illness with no warning signs.
• If you smoke--stop! Ask your family doctor for
  ways to help you quit.
• Eat low-fat foods, and have your cholesterol
  levels checked by your family doctor.
• Exercise regularly--for at least 30 minutes on
  most days of the week.
• Keep your weight under control. If you are
  overweight, lose weight.
• If you have diabetes, control your blood sugar
  levels. Controlling your diabetes will help your
  heart, kidneys, eyes, and brain.

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When you take ecstasy

• a trance state in which intense absorption (as in
  religious ideation) is accompanied by loss of
  sense perception and voluntary control
• Intense joy or delight.
• A state of emotion so intense that one is carried
  beyond rational thought and self-control an
  ecstasy of rage.
• The trance, frenzy, or rapture associated with
  mystic or prophetic exaltation.

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The outcome of ecstasy

• We do know that Ecstasy can damage brain cells
  critical to thought and memory, but measuring
  those effects accurately has been difficult.
  According to an announcement by the American
  Chemical Society, the world's largest scientific
  society, researchers in Spain have isolated for
  the first time a by-product of Ecstasy that is
  believed to cause some of the brain damage
  associated with the illegal street drug. This
  will help them measure the long-term
  neurotoxicity of ecstasy in human users. I am
  glad for this advance. Misinformation about
  Ecstasy abounds (both positive and negative)! Our
  children deserve accurate information about the
  risks and benefits of Ecstasy.

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Recourses

• http//www.drgreene.com/21_538.html
• http//www.aafp.org/afp/20031215/2389ph.html
• http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?ne
  wsid25491
• www.dictionary.com

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THE END