Electronics for the INO ICAL detector

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Electronics for the INO ICAL detector

• B.Satyanarayana
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
• For INO collaboration

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INO ICAL prototype detector

• 13 layers of 5 cm thick magnetised iron plates
• 40 ton absorber mass
• 1.5 Tesla magnetic field
• 12, 1m2 RPC layers
• About 800 readout channels
• Trigger on cosmic ray muons (RPC and
  scintillation paddles)
• Record strip hit and timing information
• Chamber and ambient parameter monitoring

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Electronics scheme for prototype
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Front-ends on prototype chambers
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Typical avalanche RPC pulse
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Preamplifier pulses on trigger
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Charge-pulse height plot
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Pulse height-pulse width plot
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Charge spectrum of the RPC
? 375fC
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Time spectrum of the RPC
?t 1.7nS
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Preamps for prototype detector
HMC based
Opamp based
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Front-end boards
16-channel analog front-end
32-channel digital front-end
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Signal router boards
Control and data
Trigger and TDC
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Data and monitor control module
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Data and monitor readout Module
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Final trigger module
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Prototype detector stack DAQ
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On-line data monitoring system
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ICAL detector fact sheet
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What is specific for ICAL DAQ?

• Large number of data channels to handle large
  scale integration needed
• But, fewer and simpler parameters to record
• Low rates high degree of multiplexing possible
• Monolithic detector unlike the case accelerator
  based detectors

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Recordable parameters (Detector)

• Event data
• Strip hit information (Boolean, 1 bit per strip)
• Strip signal timing with reference to event
  trigger
• Strips ORed to reduce timing channels
• Monitor data
• Strip single/noise counting rate
• Chamber voltage and current

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Recordable parameters (DAQ)

• Preamplifier gain and input offset
• Discriminator threshold and pulse width
• Trigger logic parameters and tables
• DAQ system parameters
• Controllers and computers status

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Recordable parameters (Gas system)

• Open loop versus closed loop systems
• Gas flow via Mass Flow Controllers
• Exhaust gas flow monitor
• Residual gas analyser data
• Gas contaminants monitor data
• Gas leak detectors
• Safety bubblers status

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Recordable parameters (Ambient)

• Temperature
• Gas
• Front-end electronics
• Barometric pressure
• Gas
• Relative humidity
• Dark currents of the bias supplies
• Electronics

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Broad aspects and requirements

• RPC bias, signal pickup and front-end electronics
• Digital processing and data readout
• Data control and acquisition
• Trigger and global clock systems
• Slow control and monitoring
• Electronics, trigger and data acquisition systems
• Low and high voltage power supplies
• Closed loop gas system
• Cavern ambient parameters
• Magnet operation and control
• Access, safety devices and control

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Major sub-systems

• Analog and digital front-ends
• Mounted inside RPC assemblies
• Programmable(?) preamps and comparators
• DAQ stations
• Mounted on detector front-faces
• Latches, pre-trigger generators, pipelines and
  buffers
• Time to digital converters (TDCs)
• Data concentrators and high speed serial
  transmitters
• VME back-ends
• Data collectors and frame transmitters
• Trigger control and fan-outs
• Trigger system
• Works on inputs from front-ends, back-ends or
  external
• Place for high density FPGA devices

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Technology standards

• RPC bias Industrial solutions, DC-HVDC
• Front-end ASIC
• Digital processing ASIC/FPGA
• Backend VME
• Trigger system FPGA, Farms(?)
• Operating system Linux
• Slow control SCADA/PVSS/Ethernet

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ICAL detector concept
50 Kton magnetised ICAL
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Placement of front-end electronics
RPC signal pickup panel
Front-end for X-plane
RPC Gas volume
Front-end for Y-plane
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Cables services routing
RPC
Iron absorber
Gas, LV HV cables from RPCs
RPC
Signal cables from RPCs
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DAQ services sub-stations
Iron absorber
RPC
Iron spacer
DAQ
HV
Gas
Iron absorber
LV
Gas
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A promising DC-HVDC chip
Can this be good cheaper alternative to
commercial solution?
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Fast preamp ASIC

• Rise Time 1ns
• Power consumption 100mW
• Power supply 3.3V
• Technology 0.35?
• Dynamic range 50-350fF

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Comparator ASIC
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Example for front-ends NINO
Francis Anghinolfi et al
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Other examples for front-ends
Front-end for ATLAS Muon RPC system
Front-end for CMS Muon Barrel RPC system
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HPTDC architecture
J. Christiansen, CERN
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HPTDC specifications
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AMT chip for ATLAS Muon RPC
Yasuo Arai (KEK)
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AMT chip performance
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ALICE TOF timing system

• Good example of a large scale integration of
  timing system using industrial support (CAEN)
• VME64X backplane
• 2400 high resolution (25pS) channels per crate
• Crate equipped with other control, trigger,
  communication and LV supply modules

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Summary

• RPCs pulse characteristics and ICALs
  requirements understood to a large extent more
  will be known from the prototype detector
• Time to formulate competitive schemes for
  electronics, data acquisition, trigger, control,
  monitor, on-line software, databases and other
  systems
• Feasibility RD studies on front-ends, timing
  elements, trigger architectures, on-line data
  handling schemes should be concurrently taken up
• Segmentation, power budgets, integration issues
  etc. must be addressed
• Trade-offs between using available solutions and
  customised design and developments for ICAL to be
  debated
• Design tools, infrastructure, fab facilities
• Needs national and international collaboration
  and team work

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Backup slides
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Typical first stage preamp response

• Rise time 2ns
• Gain 10
• I/O impedance 50 ?
• Package 22-pin DIP
• Size 30X 15 mm)
• Power supplies 6V
• Power consumption 110mW
• Bandwidth 350MHz

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HMC performance Dynamic range
BMC 1596
BMC 1595
BMC 1597
BMC 1598
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HMC performance Timing response
BMC 1596
BMC 1595
BMC 1598
BMC 1597